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History and International Relationships of Finland

Explore Finland's rich history from Swedish and Russian rule to independence. Learn about its political system, EU membership, and relationship with Russia. Discover key cities like Turku, Tampere, and Helsinki.

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History and International Relationships of Finland

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  1. History and International Relationships of Finland Franziska Schwarz s4118294 franziska.schwarz@student.ru.nl Symposium Studytour Sk+MLW

  2. Overview • General introduction • History • Swedish Government • Russian Government • Finnish Independence • History Turku • History Tampere • History Helsinki • International Relationships • Political System • Finland and the European Union • Russian influence • Conclusion

  3. General introduction • Official Name: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland • Most northern member of EU • Between 60th and 70th Northern degree of latitude • Between 20th and 30th Eastern degree of longitude • Neighbor countries: Russia, Norway and Sweden • Official languages: Finnish and Swedish • National Church: Evangelical Lutheran and Orthodox Fig. 1: Geographical map of Finland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland

  4. Comparison Helsinki, Turku, Tampere

  5. HISTORY

  6. Swedish government • 1155: annexed by King Erik IX of Sweden • 1248: Grand Duchy • Christianization from Sweden / orthodox faith from Russia • 1323: Division of border region Karelia Fig. 2: Swedish empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland

  7. Russian government • 1808: Finnish war • Grand Duchy of Russia tsar Alexander I. was sovereign • Swedish law • Own senate • Official language: Swedish • 1892: Finnish becomes official language • Restriction Finnish freedoms • 1905: national strike

  8. Finnish independence • 1906: autonomy restored, first parliament, right to vote for females • 6 December 1917: independence • Finnish civil war 1918 “Red Guards” against “White Guards” more than 20.000 people die • 1919: democratic constitution of Finnish republic • first president: KaarloJuhoStåhlberg • 1939: Winter war loss of Karelia • Finland allied Germany get back the lost areaspeace treaty: loss of Karelia 400,000 people lost their homes • Political Neutrality Fig. 3: Lost areas during winter war.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland

  9. History Turku • Founded in 1229 • bishopric • 1640: Royal Akademy of Turku • 1812: lost title as capital to Helsinki • 1827: large section of Turku destroyed by a fire • University transferred to Helsinki • 1918: Åbo Akademi • 1920: University of Turku • 2011: European Capital of Culture, together with Tallinn Fig. 4: Cathedral of Turku http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku

  10. History Tampere • Founded in 1779 by Gustav III. of Sweden • Industrial pioneer: • first papermill, • first cotton factory, • first electric light in Nordic countries lit in Finlayson’s modern production facilities 1882 • Centre of Finnish industry today Fig. 5: a) Cathedral of Tamperehttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere Fig. 5: b) The old Finlayson workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere

  11. History Helsinki • Founded 1550 by Swedish king Gustav to compete with Tallinn • 1809 Russia took control of Helsinki Helsinki appointed capital in 1812 • Royal Academy of Turku transferred to Helsinki • 19th to 20th century: progression in all economic aspects • 1952 hosted Olympics • 2000 European Capital of Culture Fig. 6: a) Uspenski cathedral in Helsinki (left)b) Helsinki Cathedral (right) http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki

  12. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

  13. Political System • Parliamentary republic • President: head of state • Elected for 6 years • Prime minister: head of government • Appointed by the president • Parliament: Eduskunta • Tenure of 4 years • Juridicy • No constitutional court • Constitutional Committee • Civil law system based on Swedish law • Court system • Local courts • Regional appellate courts • Supreme court Fig. 7: The Parliament of Finland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland

  14. Finland in the European Union • 1955: member of UN • 1995: member EU • 1999: member of Eurozone • Stabilization of Eurozone • Development economic and currency union • Strengthening of competitiveness, growth and employment • Cooperation in Foreign and Security Policy • Member of Conference of Disarmament • VERIFIN member of CHEMSEA VERIFIN = Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention CHEMSEA = chemical munitions search and assessment

  15. Russian Influence • Important economic partner • Export: 2nd place • Import: 1st place • Helsinki cathedral, Uspenski cathedral • Finnish-Russian Cross-border University • Aleksanteri Institute • Finnish universities have partner universities in Russia and Western Europe • Language of science? Fig 8: Russian-orthodox Cathedral of Tampere http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere

  16. Conclusion • History of dependence • Lutheran and Orthodox churches • Member of Schengen area and Eurozone • Finnish-Russian Cross Border University • Important economical relation to Russia

  17. References Pictures: • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku • http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere • http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki

  18. Comparison to the Netherlands

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