Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

1. March 8 th 2006, Carla Speel Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

2. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands • Content of presentation: • Land use planning in the Netherlands in general • Land use planning and pipelines in the Netherlands • Pipelines and existing policies • Pipelines and new risk distances • Consequences and measures

3. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands • Spatial planning in the Netherlands in general • All authorities: responsible for spatial planning • City councils: Zoning plans • Use of land (residential area, industry, recreation, business district, catering industry) • Interests of several parties laid down in zoning plan • Three components (explanation/ map/ regulations) • Review every 10 year • Modifications: permission of higher authority required • Objection and appeal possible

4. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

5. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands • Spatial planning in the Netherlands in general • Netherlands: densely populated country • High pressure on land use/ utilize every inch of space • Therefore: • Spatial planning is very important and complex • External safety: probabilistic (risk) approach • Balance between LUP and external safety • Location-based risk and societal risk

6. Pipelines in the Netherlands Red: gas, 60 bar Blue: gas, 40 bar Green: oil Yellow: chemicals Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

7. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands • Spatial planning of pipelines in the Netherlands • 1985: Structure plan for pipelines in the Netherlands • Long term planning for reservation of future continuous networklanes for pipelines: national net • Every lane may contain several main transport pipelines • Lanes should be implemented in regional and local zoning plans • Conclusion after 20 years: The implementation has taken place inadequately • Consequence: insufficient reservation for pipelines in local plans

8. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

9. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands • Pipelines and existing policies • 1984: regulation for gaspipelines • Purpose: Zoning between dangerous gaspipelines and residential areas in case of: • Construction of new pipelines • Building of new residential areas in the vicinity of existing pipelines • Safety distances are based on risk assessment • Location-based risk

10. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands • Minimum distance to residential areas (meters)

11. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands • Recently: new study at safety distances • Improved calculation-models for risk assessment • New information on frequency of pipeline ruptures and their effects • Conclusion: new safety distances appear in many cases larger than “old” distances from regulation for gaspipelines • Wall thickness and depth of cover are the qualifying circumstances • Solution: measures at pipelines will reduce new distance • Consultations between pipeline operators and local authorities

12. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands Old risk distance Old risk distance 10-6 10-6 New risk distance gaspipeline New risk distance

13. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands • Control measures: • Camera supervision • More frequently helicopter survey • New legislation to prevent accidents from external interference (digging activities by third parties) • Technical measures: • Enlarge covering above pipeline (raising soil above pipeline) • Cover pipeline with concrete plate • Ultimate measure: Move of pipeline

14. Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands • Conclusions: • It is a complex matter to combine all essential interests in land use planning: aim at balance • Risk approach: • Acknowledgement of interests of all activities • Attempts to combine all interests in LUP • Good communication with local authorities is important