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Characteristics of Living Things

Discover the key features of living organisms, cell theory principles, cell types, and parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, such as the plasma membrane, nucleus, organelles, and important cellular components. Learn about the role of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and more. Explore the functions of cilia, flagella, cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplast.

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Characteristics of Living Things

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  1. Characteristics of Living Things All organisms: • are made of 1 or more cells. • need a source of energy for life processes. • must respond to their environment to survive. • must have the ability to reproduce.

  2. Cell Theory

  3. Major Principles • All organisms are made of cells. • All existing cells are produced by other living cells. • The cell is the most basic unit of life.

  4. Cell Types • Prokaryotes • No membrane-bound nucleus or organelles • Eukaryotes • Made up of one or more cells • Nucleus & membrane-bound organelles

  5. Prokaryote

  6. Eukaryote

  7. Parts of the Cell • All cell types have: • Plasma Membrane - cells outer boundary • Cytoplasm - fluid inside the cell • Control center - nucleus in eukaryotic cells, DNA in cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells • Only eukaryotic cells have organelles

  8. Plasma Membrane Controls what goes in and out of the cell

  9. Cytoplasm • Cell’s liquid interior • Contains the cytoskeleton • Contains organelles

  10. Nucleus In Eukaryotic Cells Controls all cell’s activities Contains DNA

  11. Nuclear Envelope Separates DNA from cytoplasm in the nucleus

  12. Nucleolus • In the nucleus • Made of proteins & nucleic acids • Ribosome synthesis

  13. Ribosome • Contains RNA • Helps build proteins • Made in the nucleolus

  14. Mitochondrion • Generates ATP (energy) • Controls cell cycle & cell growth • Inherited from your mother

  15. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Production & movement of proteins throughout the cell

  16. Golgi Apparatus Processes & packages lipids & proteins

  17. Lysosome Digests food & worn-out cell parts for the cell

  18. Cilia & Flagella Cilia • Single-celled organisms • Helps move the cell around • Cilia – many & short • Flagella – few & long Flagella

  19. Cell Wall • Outside of the cell membrane • Provides support & protection • Plant cells

  20. Central Vacuole • Storage unit for cells • Contains wastes, food, or water

  21. Chloroplast Conducts photosynthesis

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