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Japanese Honeysuckle

Japanese Honeysuckle. Lonicera japonica (Thunb.) Caprifoliaceae. Biology. Native to Japan and Asia Introduced to U.S. in 1906 for highway use – stabilize banks, reduce erosion Wildlife managers also used as a winter forage for deer

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Japanese Honeysuckle

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  1. Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica (Thunb.) Caprifoliaceae

  2. Biology • Native to Japan and Asia • Introduced to U.S. in 1906 for highway use – stabilize banks, reduce erosion • Wildlife managers also used as a winter forage for deer • Adaptable to a wide range of habitats, ranging from Florida to New England

  3. Background Economic Uses • Wide spread use as an ornamental • fast growth • fragrant flowers

  4. Distribution • Found throughout much of Florida • Commonly found along roadways and disturbed areas, forest edges, fencerows • Also found in many state along the east coast, from Florida to New England, less invasive in more northern climates

  5. Japanese Honeysuckle Distribution in Florida

  6. Impacts • Category 1 invasive species (FLEPPC) • Able to spread into undisturbed sites • Readily establishes, outcompetes native species • Covers small trees and shrubs, smothers understory vegetation

  7. Identification

  8. Mature Plant • Evergreen, twining vine • Can reach lengths of 80 to 120 feet • Produces runners from main stems • Older stems hollow, peeling bark in long strips

  9. Leaves and Stems • Oppositely arranged • Ovate-shaped • 1.5 to 3 inches • Stems are reddish in color • Slightly pubescent

  10. Flowers and Fruit • Flowering occurs from April to July • Borne in pairs, tubular • Fade - white to yellow • Fruit are blackish, contain 2-3 seeds • Consumed and dispersed by birds

  11. Management Preventative Cultural Mechanical Biological Chemical

  12. Preventative • Limit planting as an ornamental • Remove existing plants, including resprouts/runners and before seeds are produced • Prevent seed spread and dispersal • Rouge out vines in abandoned areas

  13. Cultural • Alternative landscape plants to replace Japanese honeysuckle • Native honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens • Programs to educate homeowners about the problems associated with this plant and proper identification • Maintain good ground cover and mixture of plant species to reduce establishment

  14. Biological • With the exception of wildlife foraging, there are no known biological control agents available for Japanese honeysuckle management in Florida or the southeastern U.S.

  15. Mechanical • Hand pull young seedlings, including all roots, repeated pulling for resprouts • Cut vines down at ground level • Mowing is effective on small vines and resprouts, but must be repeated

  16. Chemical - Foliar • Over-the-top applications for seedlings, resprouts and small vines • Thoroughly wet leaves with herbicide • Triclopyr – 2 to 5% solution • Glyphosate – 2 to 4% solution • Use surfactant at 0.25% • Best results applied late fall

  17. Chemical - Basal • Individual vines, near desirable species • Use 25% triclopyr solution with basal oil • Apply 12 to 15 inches above ground on tree trunk • Wet thoroughly for good control, spray until run-off is noticeable at ground line

  18. Chemical – Cut Stump • Individual vines, near desirable species • Cut trunks/stems horizonally at or near ground level • Apply 25% solution of glyphosate or triclopyr • Cover the outer 20% of the stump • Marker (blue) dye is helpful

  19. Useful Links • Floridata Homepage: http://www.floridata.com/main_fr.cfm?state=Welcome&viewsrc=welcome.htm • University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html • University of Florida’s Cooperative Extension Electronic Data Information Source: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.html

  20. Useful Links • Nuzzo, V. 1997. Element Stewardship Abstracts for Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle. The Nature Conservancy: http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/ • Williams, C.E. Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunberg). Department of Biology, Clarion University. Virginia’s Department of Conservation and Recreation http://www.dcr.state.va.us/index.htm

  21. Useful Links • The Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group. Weeds Gone Wild: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas: http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/index.htm • Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems: http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm • Invasive Plants of the Eastern United States: http://www.invasive.org

  22. Literature Cited Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp

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