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Predicting Differential Loran-C Performance in Boston Harbor. Erik Johannessen Andre Grebnev Wouter Pelgrum . Context. Supports on-going LORIPP/LORAPP evaluations and analyses Specifically part of a program to prototype Integrated GPS/Loran for Harbor Entrance and Approach
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Predicting Differential Loran-C Performance in Boston Harbor Erik JohannessenAndre Grebnev Wouter Pelgrum
Context • Supports on-going LORIPP/LORAPP evaluations and analyses • Specifically part of a program to prototype Integrated GPS/Loran for Harbor Entrance and Approach • Program Participants
HEA Receiver Program Scope • Prototype Integrated Receivers • Receiver/Integration Specification • Antenna Design • Cost Study • 5 Deliverable Evaluation Units • Measurement Campaign • On-the-Water Data Collection • Reference Station Measurements • Demonstration • Documentation
Prototype Integrated Receivers • Reelektronika develops miniature integrated GPS/Loran-C receiver as OEM product for NELS (Northwest European Loran System) Signal Processor77 x 51 mm Front End & ADC77 x 47 mm Credit Card 85 x 54 mm
Prototype Integrated Receivers (cont’d) Replace MF Beacon Engine with Loran/GPS/WAAS Modify H-Field Beacon Antenna To H-Field Loran
Measurement Campaign Overview • Envisioned as three steps leading to set up capable of formal demo in DC area • First step local to Megapulse resource availability • Temporal and spatial decorrelation measured, also local effects • Differential measurements by tightly time coupling a reference and rover • Method applicable to all modes • Stored raw sample data permits comparison of multiple envelope and carrier tracking points
Experimental Set-up – Step 1 Reference Station at Megapulse Rover Receiving Equipment Suite
Reference Station Data Measurement Date : June 20, 2003 1100-1800 ET Recorded at Megapulse –(Nan, Sen, Crb, CB shown) 5 sec independent samples Non-moving average of 12 samples
Reference Station Data (cont’d) • Note: discrete steps of 20 ns - LPAs or Other?? Nantucket – last 3.5 hours Caribou – 7 hours, 10nsec/div
Reference Station Data (cont’d) • Scatter plot created using 7 TOAs, 5 sec integrated/independent • Repeatability of 7 hour set: 6.5m, 95% and 8.6m, 99% • Slight offset from mean due to ASF variation
Reference Station Data (cont’d) • Mean of 1st minute used to compensate next twelve 5 sec samples • Repeatability improves slightly: 6.1m, 95% and 8.2m, 99%
Reference Station Data (cont’d) • Mean of ten minutes used to compensate next 120 samples • Repeatability: 6.2m, 95% and 8.4m, 99%
Rover Receiver Results/Issues • Antenna related • Phase error with orientation • Include cable and attenuators as part of antenna • Receiver related • Data grabber worked very well • Need to lose some weight • Vessel related • Alternator noise
Measurements-Step 2 • Currently completing analysis of Step 1 Rover Results • Antenna related issues addressed via hardware upgrade and compensation in software • Ship Shape gone to FLA for winter, will need alternate vessel • Alternatively, SiTex resources in Tampa • Expect to be on water again early December
Summary • Reference station and Rover data collection systems useful for post processing • High update rate of differential correction did not significantly improve position fix • Vessel related issues need resolution • Measurement campaign has been critical input to integrated receiver design