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KABENGE LAWRENCE COUNTRY REPRESENTATIVE, Uganda Presented at IRIS Data Service Workshop

KABENGE LAWRENCE COUNTRY REPRESENTATIVE, Uganda Presented at IRIS Data Service Workshop in Pretoria, South Africa 20 th - 27 th August 2017. UGANDA SEISMOLOGICAL NETWORK COUNTRY REPORT. Outline of the presentation. History of earthquake monitoring in Uganda

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KABENGE LAWRENCE COUNTRY REPRESENTATIVE, Uganda Presented at IRIS Data Service Workshop

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  1. KABENGE LAWRENCE COUNTRY REPRESENTATIVE, Uganda Presented at IRIS Data Service Workshop in Pretoria, South Africa 20th - 27th August 2017 UGANDA SEISMOLOGICAL NETWORK COUNTRY REPORT

  2. Outline of the presentation History of earthquake monitoring in Uganda Features contributing to the seismicity of Uganda Major devastating earthquake events Current Uganda Seismic Network current set-up -Seismic Instrumentation Analysis of seismic data using seisan IRIS Data service Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  3. History of earthquake monitoring in Uganda • Earthquake monitoring in Uganda started way back in 1918, with one analogue, long period, and single-component station. The station was operated by the then Department of Geological Survey and Mines at Entebbe where it was installed. • In the 1940’s, the operation of the seismic station was undertaken by the Department of Meteorology. • Operations of the station were later returned to the Geological Survey and Mines Department in the 1960’s.The station operations completely came to a stand still in the 1970’s due to economic turmoil the country faced at that time. IRIS Data Services Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  4. History of earthquake monitoring cont: • Earthquake monitoring resumed in the early 1990’s after securing support from United Nations Education Scientific Cultural Organization (UNESCO). UNESCO provided funds that were used to purchase three Micro-earthquake (MEQ) analogue seismological equipment that made the birth of the Uganda National Seismological Network. • The MEQ analogue stations were installed at Kilembe (KIL), Hoima (HOI) and Entebbe (ENT). Also through IPPS we acquired and upgraded the MEQ stations with 3 Orion Digital Nanometrics stations and these operated until 2009. • In 1995 the Government of Uganda represented by the then “Ministry of Natural Resources” signed an MoU with the Incorporated Research Institutions in Seismology (IRIS), USA to establish a GSN station (MBAR) at Kyahi Forest, near Mbarara town. MBAR station was commissioned in October 1999. IRIS Data Services Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  5. History of earthquake monitoring cont’d • In 2002, CTBTO also came on board by upgrading the station to International Monitoring System (IMS) standards, the CTBTO Vsat communication link was completed in 2006, thereafter the station was certified to serve as an auxiliary seismic station to the CTBTO monitoring network. • In 2011, through Sustainable Management of Minerals Resourses Project, we acquired 7 RefTek (RT-130) stations which have been used to upgrade most of our local stations. • In October 2016, we installed a new station at Jjungo Hill, Nakauka (NAKD) and we put it online through VPN connection. IRIS Data Services Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  6. Features contributing to the seismicity of Uganda Earthquake occurrence in Uganda is associated with the East African Rift System (EARS). Uganda lies between the two arms of the EARS. Its western border with D.R. Congo lies entirely in the western branch of the EARS, while the eastern border is about a few hundreds of kilometers from the Eastern Branch of the EARS; and there is more seismic activity in the western than in the eastern branch. IRIS Data service Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  7. A digital elevation model of the EARS Black lines, main faults; white surfaces, lakes; grey levels from dark (low elevations) to light(high elevations)

  8. Other tectonic features contributing to the seismicity of Uganda • Aswar Shear Zone: the shear zone is observed in Uganda from Nimule at Uganda –Sudan Border and joins Mt Elgon on the eastern border with Kenya. • The Katonga Fault: This fault starts from foothills of the Ruwenzori Mountains, traverses Lake Victoria and connects to Kavirondo Gulf in western Kenya and Speke Gulf south of Lake Victoria in Tanzania. The tectonic setting mentioned above makes Uganda earthquake prone, and the tectonic movements of geological structures have been responsible for the occurrence of major earthquakes in Uganda. IRIS Data service Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  9. Major devastating earthquake events • On 9th July, 1912 the earthquake occurred in northern Uganda and had a magnitude of 6.7 on Richter scale. The epicentre was around Kitgum. There was partial destruction of buildings in northern Uganda. • On 2nd October, 1929 an earthquake occurred in Toro region western Uganda. It measured 5.9 on Richter scale and triggered landslides. • On 18th March, 1945 an earthquake occurred in Sembabule -Masaka region measuring 6.0 on Richter scale. This earthquake killed five people and destroyed buildings in Masaka Town. IRIS Data Services Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  10. Major devastating earthquake events: Cont’d • On 20th March, 1966 an earthquake occurred in Toro region western Uganda. It measured 6.6 on Richter scale. This earthquake killed 150 and injured 1,300 people. It caused an economic loss estimated at one million USD. • On 7th September, 1990 an earthquake occurred with the epicentre at Nakiwogo on the shores of Lake Victoria. It measured 5.0 on Richter scale. This earthquake destroyed semi-permanent buildings around Nakiwogo landing site. • On 9th October, 1991 an earthquake occurred in Lake Albert. The epicentre was around Butiaba. It measured 5.3 on Richter scale. The earthquake destroyed semi -permanent buildings within the environs of Butiaba; IRIS Data Services Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  11. Major devastating earthquake events: Cont’d • On 5th February 1994 an earthquake occurred in Kisomoro (Kabarole District). It measured 6.2 on Richter scale. The earthquake killed 8 people and caused destruction of property estimated at US$ 61 million (United States Sixty One million Dollars). • On 2/07/2013, an earth measuring 5.2 occurred, a second one occurred on the evening of july 3 2013 measuring 5.4 and a third one measuring 5.7 ocured on july 4 2013 at 01:22. All these tremors were felt mainly in kampala, hoima and kagadi in western Uganda and in bunia in the DRC. • On 10/09/2016 an earthquake measuring 5.7 on the Richter scale shook different parts of Uganda at around15:30 EAT. IRIS Data Services Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  12. Current Uganda Seismic Network BUTOLOGO SITE NAKAUKA SITE VSAT antenna at site NDC-N180

  13. The current network comprises of 4 digital broadband stations located in Entebbe – Wakiso District, Hoima- Hoima District, Kilembe Mines Ltd in Kasese District and at Kyahi near Mbarara town – Mbarara District and Nakauka in Wakiso district. • Entebbe Station: This is being currently operated within the Department of Geological Survey and Mines Offices in Entebbe. Plans are underway to have the station transferred to a quitter place at Nakawuka, about 15 kilometers from Entebbe town, where a seismic vault has been constructed. • Kilembe Station: This is located within the premises of Kilembe Mines Ltd, it has been in operation since the early 1990’s. The station started with an analogue recording system, since then it has gone through major upgrades from analogue to the digital recording mode. IRIS Data Services Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  14. Hoima station: This is located at Katasiha site, about 2 kilometers from Hoima town along the Hoima– Butiaba road. Like the Entebbe and Kilembe stations, Hoima station has been in operation since the early 1990’s. The station has been upgraded from analogue, single component short period station to a digital broadband recording mode. Recently a permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) was installed at this station. Both the seismic and GPS data will be used for crustal deformation studies in the Albertine Graben. • Mbarara station: This station is located at Kyahi forest reserve about 13 kilometers from Mbarara town. The station was installed in 1999 with support from the Incorporated Research Institutions in Seismology through the University of California San Diego, USA. The station has also been upgraded to International Monitoring Standards. This station serves as an Auxiliary station to the international monitoring division of the Preparatory Commission for Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty organization (CTBTO). IRIS Data Services Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  15. Seismicity map of Uganda (2014-2016) IRIS Data Services Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  16. Seismic Instrumentation current set-up

  17. Future/Pending installation

  18. MBAR GSN IRIS-IDA Station

  19. Hoima Seismic Station (HOID)

  20. Installation of Nakauka seismic station

  21. Installation of Nakauka Seismic station

  22. TEBE seismic station IRIS Meta Data Workshop, Cairo-Egypt

  23. SEISAN Analysis of seismic data for 10th September 2016 Bukoba Earthquake

  24. 10th September 2016 Bukoba Earthquake

  25. EPICENTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES WITH MAGNITUDE 4.0 AND ABOVE LOCATED IN THE ALBERTINE GRABEN (1965-2013) Number 1, 2 and 3 represent the focal mechanisms (direction of slip in an earthquake and the orientation of the fault plane on which it occurs) of the july 2013 earthquakes in the albertine graben. IRIS Data Services Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa

  26. Am Sorry This is the End I Thank You All For Your Attention

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