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Personality

Personality. Part-time- Semester 1 Topics: Meaning of Personality Foundations of Individual Behaviour Determinants of Personality Process of Personality formation - Prof. Channpreet . Kaur . Bhatia. Concept. Personality Psychology:

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Personality

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  1. Personality Part-time- Semester 1 Topics: Meaning of Personality Foundations of Individual Behaviour Determinants of Personality Process of Personality formation - Prof. Channpreet .Kaur. Bhatia

  2. Concept • Personality Psychology: • Personality psychologyis a branch of psychology that studies personality and individual differences. Its areas of focus include: • Constructing a coherent picture of the individual and his or her major psychological processes • Investigating individual differences—how people are unique • Investigating human nature—how people are alike • Definition of Personality: It is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to the environment

  3. Concept • Elements of Personality: • Personality has both internal and external elements • An individual’s personality is relatively stable • An individual’s personality is both inherited as well as shaped by environment • Each individual is unique in behavior

  4. Personality Determinants Environment Family Heredity Personality Social Situational

  5. Personality Determinants • Heredity: Physical Structure, Reflexes, Innate Drivers, Intelligence, Temperament (Genetic Make-up) Example: Researchers in my many different countries have studied thousands of sets of identical twins who were separated at birth and raised separately. If heredity played little of no part in determining personality, you would expect to find few similarities between the separated twins. But the researchers found a lot in common. For instance, one set of twins who had been separated for 39 years and raised 45 miles apart, were found to drive the same model and color car. They chain-smoked the same brand of cigarette, owned dogs with the same name, and regularly enjoyed vacations within three blocks of each other in a beach community 1,500 miles away.

  6. Personality Determinants • Environment: Culture refers to traditional practices, norms, customs, procedures, rules and regulations, precedents and values. Sub-culture also • Cultural factors determine attitudes towards independence, aggression, competition, cooperation, positive thinking, team spirit, and a host of the human being and discharge his/her duties towards valuable responsibilities to society. (boys v girls, boys v boys) • Job – Holland’s Job-fit theory emphasizes a relationship between personality, job requirements and performance. It states that when an individual’s personality matches job there is bound to be job satisfaction

  7. Personality Determinants • In our culture, most people are one of six personality types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional and 6 environments

  8. Personality Determinants Example: People of the same personality type working together in a job create a work environment that fits their type. For example, when Artistic persons are together on a job, they create a work environment that rewards creative thinking and behavior -- an Artistic environment. • A good match-up is called "Congruent"

  9. Personality Determinants

  10. Personality Determinants 3. Family: Identification: a) Because of similarity of behavior b) Child’s motive/desire to become c) Child actually takes on the attributes Examples: Children in Warm v/s Neglected environment and Relationship of Personality, Siblings

  11. Personality Determinants

  12. Personality Determinants 4. Social : From home to Office. Edgar Schein on Socialization process in organization • Following steps help in Socialization • Induction and Orientation • Training and Development • Objective , Goal setting and feedback • Team working • It focuses on good relationships, cooperation, coordination and interaction among the members in the society or an organization or a family

  13. Personality Determinants 5. Situational: Worker with high need for power and achievement will not like bureaucratic structure Examples: Democratic v Bureaucratic, Office v Picnic

  14. Process of Personality Development

  15. Freudian Stages & Assesment • Oral Stage – 0-1 year (infants), thumb, biting, simulation-immature, passive, Fixation at teething – argumentation, cynical and pessimism • Anal Stage – 1-3 years (anal becomes body zone), Anal-retentive – orderliness, punctuality, excessive cleanliness/mess. Anal aggressive-cruelty, disorderliness, hostility • Phallic Stage – 3-4 years (psychosexual development) • Latency Period – 4-6 years (external world curiosity) • Genital Stage - Adolescence to adulthood (opposite gender)

  16. Erikson's Stages & Assesment More importance to social than to sexual adaptation • Infancy: 0-1 yr (Trust v/s Mistrust) • Early childhood: 1-3 yrs (Autonomy v/s Shame & doubt) • Play Age: 4-5 yrs(Initiative v/s Guilt-no spontaneity &jealousy) • School Age: 6-11 yrs(Industry v/s Inferiority-mediocracy, avoid competition, poor work habits) • Puberty & Adolescence: 12-20 yrs (Ego identity v/s Role confusion) • Young Adulthood: 20-24 yrs (Intimacy v/s Isolation) • Middle Adulthood: 25-65 yrs (Generactivity v/s Stagnation-egocentric, excessive self-love,unproductive) • Late Adulthood: Old Age (Integrity /v Despair)

  17. Jean Piaget's Stages • Sensorimotor – 0-2 yrs ( Directly respond to stimuli) • Preoperational – 2-7 yrs (Separate & Classify) • Concrete operational – 7-11 yrs (Scientific) • Formal Operational – 11 & above (Abstract & Concrete)

  18. Chris Argyris • Suggested that personality progresses from immaturity to maturity continuum. & dimensions of personality. Not all exhibit all characteristics on reaching maturity

  19. Activity • Discuss a situation shaping personality

  20. References • Organizational Behaviour – K Ashwathappa • Organizational Behaviour – Steven L Mc Shane

  21. THANK YOU

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