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The Entropia Virtual Machine for Desktop Grids Brad Calder, Andrew A. Chien, Ju Wang, Don Yang – VEE-2005

The Entropia Virtual Machine for Desktop Grids Brad Calder, Andrew A. Chien, Ju Wang, Don Yang – VEE-2005. Raju Kumar CS598C: Virtual Machines. Introduction. Desktop Grids Entropia Desktop Distributed Computing Grid (DCGrid) VMs for protection How was protection provided earlier ?.

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The Entropia Virtual Machine for Desktop Grids Brad Calder, Andrew A. Chien, Ju Wang, Don Yang – VEE-2005

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  1. The Entropia Virtual Machine for Desktop GridsBrad Calder, Andrew A. Chien, Ju Wang, Don Yang – VEE-2005 Raju Kumar CS598C: Virtual Machines

  2. Introduction • Desktop Grids • Entropia Desktop Distributed Computing Grid (DCGrid) • VMs for protection • How was protection provided earlier ?

  3. Overview • DCGrid • Goals • Entropia VM • Results • Conclusion

  4. DCGrid Overview

  5. DCGrid Details • Physical Node Management • Resource and Application management • Resource Scheduling • Scheduling subjobs • Job Management • Decomposes job into subjobs, deploys subjobs and accumulates results • Entropia VM

  6. Entropia VM Requirements • Desktop security • Clean execution environment • Unobtrusiveness • Application security

  7. Entropia VM Components

  8. Entropia VM Components Contd… • Desktop Controller • Provides unobtrusiveness • Sandbox Execution Layer • Provides all features including unobtrusiveness

  9. Wrapping Application • Wrapped inside EVM using binary modification • Wrapped interpreters – cmd.exe, Perl, JVM • vm.dll as first entry in import table • vm.dll’s main() dynamically modifies loaded binaries and required dlls to intercept system calls

  10. Validating Binaries • Checksum of each binary file • Whether sandboxed • Integrity • Configuration file - Checksums for all binaries • Encrypted and transferred to EVM • Encryption Key – securely communicated • CreateProcess for code in a new binary file • Check if registered in configuration file • Verify checksum

  11. Desktop Control • EVM monitors subjob usage of key resources • If subjob uses excess resources, subjob’s processes paused or terminated – Acceptable ? • Unobtrusiveness – • Sandbox Execution Layer – resource usage restriction per process • Desktop Controller – resource usage restriction per subjob • Processes may belong to EVM or subjob • Separate resource control using VM Portal

  12. EVM Portal Thread • Invisible Portal thread per Sandboxed application • Sandboxed application unaware of Portal thread • Thread listing does not show Portal thread • Terminating Portal thread not allowed by virtualizing relevant system calls • Heart-beat maintained between Portal thread and Desktop Controller • Loss of heart-beat – Portal thread kills the sandboxed application • When is heart-beat lost ? • One Portal thread for each process • Terminate • Pause • Resume • On being paused, process memory paged to disk – security issues ?

  13. Enforcing Resource Limits • If desktop usage is high, Desktop Controller pauses subjob (via Portal thread) – all or nothing solution • If pausing does not decrease usage, terminate – is this correct ? • Different levels of unobtrusiveness • Highest level – pause on mouse movement, keyboard-memory-disk I/O-CPU usage of non-Entropia processes – Background processes in Windows ? Distinction between user and system processes in Windows ? • Lowest level – ignore keyboard and mouse usage • Subjobs can run between keystrokes • Subjob threads are run at lowest priorities

  14. Paging Issues • Subjob requirements • Specified by user • Specified by administrator (a typical value) • Resource Scheduler schedules subjob on a client with sufficient resources • Excessive Paging implications • Active user • Incorrect value of subjob requirement provided/estimated • Enforcing Resource Limitation • Pause/terminate subjob • Mentions excessive memory usage as well – is it correct ? • Examples • Tracing code – Excessive disk usage • Erroneous process – Excessive threads

  15. Resource Problems • Failure reported to • Resource Scheduler • DCGrid Administrator • Job Manager • Categorization • Desktop Resource Contention • Client Black Hole • Malformed subjob

  16. Sandbox Execution Layer • Goal • Control subjob’s interaction with OS • Virtualize some OS components • Subjob’s access to all important system APIs is mediated

  17. OS Interception Layer • Device Driver – intercepts hardware access • Binary modification – virtualize some APIs • Sandbox Layer is a VMM

  18. Device Driver Mediation • Device Driver Mediation • Provides Desktop Security feature • Mediated interfaces cannot be bypassed • Global mediation overhead • Hence mediates only interfaces with resource access • Dynamic Binary Modification • Trampoline approach

  19. Design Decisions • Self-modifying code not allowed • JIT code for JVM allowed • Virtualized components • Files • Registry • GUI • Network • Threads and Processes

  20. Application Security • Desktop user does not have administrator privileges • Subjob runs in a separate user space • Device driver provides complete user-space isolation • File encryption • Tampering detection

  21. Results

  22. Results

  23. Related Work • Existing desktop grid solutions • Require changes to code or well-behaved assumptions • Classic VMs • Obtrusive • JVM and .NET/MSIL based grids • Obtrusive, not comprehensive • VMs for desktop grids • Obtrusive, heavy • VMs with resource control • Assume closed system

  24. Conclusion • EVM provides • Desktop security • Clean execution environment • Unobtrusiveness • Application security

  25. Thanks !!

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