CCS achievements at TCM Related to CHP

1. CCS achievements at TCMRelated to CHP Managing Director Frank Ellingsen

2. CO2 history in Norway 1990-2020 GASSNOVA SF The Norwegian state enterprise for carbon capture and storage, (2005) Storage: Statoil Sleipner R&D 2005 CLIMIT TCM in operation Government ambition full-scale CCS facility by 2020 CO2 tax offshore Storage: Statoil, Snøhvit R&D 1997:Klimatek 1990 1995 2000 2010 2015 2005 2020

3. This is TCM SHELL

4. Vision • Develop and verify technologies owned by vendors • Reduce cost and risks • Knowledge sharing • Develop the emerging market for CO2 capture technology

5. Seawater CHP (Powerplant) Area for future development Refinery Amine plant Electrical substation Admin complex Utilities Catalyticcracker Chilled Ammonia plant Gas Power Plant

7. Test campaigns the Amine Plant • Campaign-1 on CHP flue (3.5 % CO2) • Campaign-2 on RFCC flue (13-15 % CO2) • MEA campaig-3 on CHP flue (3.5 % CO2) • Campaign- 4 on CHP flue (3.5 % CO2)

8. Campaign 1. Amine Plant, CHP flue gas and S21 solvent Target:Stable operation • About 93% operability • CO2 capture rate about 90% • Emission about 0.2 ppm Amine • Nitrosamines and nitramines below detection limit • Stable solvent with low degradation. Main degradation products amines, amino acids with low volatility. • Very low concentration of solvent specific nitramines • Reclaiming showed low waste production(0,26 Kg/ton CO2)

9. Dynamicoperationsoftheamine plant – A test • Testing the capture during dynamic transitions, replicating a fluctuating grid power consumptions • Supporting growth of renewables • The graph shows an example of tripping and starting the amine plant. • ability to go from zero to full speed in 1 - 1.5 hours after trip

10. Operation of the Amine Plant Campaign 2 RFCC gas (13.5 % CO2) MIST generation Preliminary conclusions: • SO3 and SO2 generate mist Alternative solutions considered: • Reduce SO3 and SO2 by filters • Process development Campaign 3 MEA on CHP (3.5 % CO2) Campaign4 New solvent (S26) on CHP (3.5 % CO2)- ongoing

11. Objectives of theMEA campaign - 3 • Develop a dataset to chare • Capture CO2 from CCGT power plant flue gas • Create plant base line with 30% wt aqueous MEA. • Investigate the potential of high conc. MEA (up to 40% wt ) achieving about 85% CO2 capture • Verify design capacity of the plant and specific functionalities • Verify and improve process simulation model • Understand scale-up, performance and emissions

12. Baseline preliminary results: typical emission performance 30% wt aqueous MEA base line run

13. MEA Campaign – 3Conclusions andway forward • 30% wt aqueous MEA base line established and being verified by EPRI • 40% wt aqueous MEA base line established (not in EPRI scope) • Plant operating window explored • Start up, shut down and transient operating conditions tested and investigated • Low emissions during normal operation • Way forward: additional MEA campaign(s) necessary to • Measure long term effects as degradation and corrosion • Better understanding of scale-up • Test reclaiming • Test lean solvent vapor (LVC) compressor • Others to be defined

14. Test campaigns at the Chilled Ammonia Plant (CAP) Campaign1: Nov 2012 – April 2013 Tests on RFCC flue gas. Need for processmodification/improvementidentified Campaign2: May 2013 – Sept 2013 Operationat CHP flue gas (3.5% CO2) Target: Stable operation Operabilityaround 90% Campaign3: Nov 2013 – Aug 2014 RFCC flue gas (13.5% CO2) New tests onlowconcentration flue gas

15. Alstom’s Chilled Ammonia Process • TCM has demonstrated the Alstom CAP technology, and a successful and stable operations of more than 4000h (RFCC and CHP flue gas) • No environmental or health risk • Very low emissions

16. The Chilled Ammonia CHP Campaign - 2 Operation experience confirmed • Low ammonia emission in the residual flue gas to atm.: 1 to 3 ppmv • Low ammonia concentration in the CO2 product: <10ppmv • CO2 Capture rate: 85 to 90% (Reference period: 88% at 47 000 Sm3/h flue gas) • Solvent is stable without any trace of degradation • More than 1300 operating hours confirm: • Acceptable process stability • Flexibility and ability in handling transient conditions

17. The Chilled Ammonia CHP Campaign -2 Operation experience confirmed • After flushing with water, a safe maintenance/disassembling of equipment with ammonia solvent is performed with usual/suitable personal protection • At low ambient temperature (under 0ºC), in case of leakage, the vaporization of ammonia from the solvent is very limited and may be not detected • At higher temperatures, even small leakages are detected early by gas detectors or operator inspection

18. The Chilled Ammonia CHP - Campaign - 2 Operation lessons learned • Salt formation in gas phase: Heat tracing with temperature alarms are installed in order to avoid salt formation in: • safety valves • critical pressure and level instrumentation • regenerator feed pump • Rich/Lean heat exchangers • Rich feed Tank vent line. • Online analyzer for CO2 and NH3 in the flue gas are a challenge. The main causes are: • Instrumentation hardware and software complexity • Condensation of salts in gas phase • Accumulation of salts in piping/instrumentation when the liquid droplet with salts entrained with the flue gas are dried by heat tracing. • Gas and liquid sampling and laboratory analyze are challenging due to salt precipitations unstable and not visible

19. Welcome to Bergen and Mongstad;

20. …to share knowledge on carbon capture TCM launched the first International Test Centre Network to accelerate CCS technology development • Sharing knowledge of developments, construction and operational experience • Establishing benchmarks and performance indicators • Promoting technology certification and standardization

21. ..and be a part of TCM going ahead To develop • Large test facilities • Utility/infrastructure and the available test area TCM has proven its key role in reducing • Costs and risks

22. Thank you