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SOLUTIONS

SOLUTIONS. What is a solution?. A homogeneous mixture containing two parts: the solute and the solvent Solute-the thing that dissolves Solvent- what the solute is dissolved in. Words to know. Soluble- a substance that dissolves in a solvent

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SOLUTIONS

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  1. SOLUTIONS

  2. What is a solution? • A homogeneous mixture containing two parts: the solute and the solvent • Solute-the thing that dissolves • Solvent- what the solute is dissolved in

  3. Words to know • Soluble- a substance that dissolves in a solvent • Insoluble- a substance that does NOT dissolve in a solvent • Miscible- when two liquids are soluble in each other • Immiscible- two liquids that are NOT soluble in each other

  4. Aqueous solutions • Intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent are stronger than the forces holding the solute together • solvation video

  5. Increasing the rate of solvation • Agitating the mixture • Increasing surface area • Increasing the temperature

  6. agitation • Shaking or stirring the solution allows the dissolved solute particles to be taken away from the surface

  7. surface area

  8. Temperature • Temperature makes particles move faster, thus increasing the number of collisions

  9. Solubility • The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure

  10. Factors that affect Solubility • Temperature • Gases are less stable at high temperatures • Liquids are more stable at high temperatures

  11. Supersaturated solution • Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature. The solution must be formed at high temperatures and then cooled. These solutions are VERY unstable and one crystal makes the excess precipitate out.

  12. Pressure • Solubility of gasses increases as pressure increases

  13. Henry’s Law • The solubility is proportional to the pressure above it: • S1 S2 • S = g/L = P1 P2

  14. Homework • 15-1 S.G. • #1-5 page 461

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