Amendment in Montreal Protocol A landmark Deal in Kigali, Rwanda

1. 18 October 2016 Amendment in Montreal ProtocolA landmark Deal in Kigali, Rwanda

2. The Montreal ProtocolA Successful Multi-lateral Environmental Agreement The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer • 1985 Vienna Convention (entered into force on 22 Sep 1988) • 1987 Montreal Protocol (entered into force on 26 August 1989) • Amendments to the Protocol (1990-London, 1991-Nairobi, 1992-Copenhagen, 1993-Bangkok, 1995-Vienna, 1997-Montreal, 1998-Australia, 1999-Beijing • and 2016-Kigali, adopted but not entered into force) • Montreal Protocol amendment is legally binding.

3. Historical Amendments in Montreal Protocol 1990 London Amendment • 100% cut on 15 CFCs, Halons, CT, MC by 2000 from 1986 levels. 1992 Copenhagen Amendment • 100% cut on 15 CFCs, Halons, CT, MC by 1996 from 1986 levels. • HCFCs and Methyl Bromide added. Source: http://eesc.columbia.edu

4. Amendments in Montreal Protocol 1995 Vienna Amendment • HCFCs consumption controls increased. • Grace period – informally adjusted/expanded for developing countries. 1997 Montreal Amendment • Methyl Bromide to be phased out by 2005 1999 Beijing Amendment • HCFC production controls; restrictions on HCFC trade with non-Parties; production and consumption controls for new group of substances, Bromochloromethane (BCM)

5. Amendments in Montreal Protocol • Kigali Amendment • All Developed and Developing countries agreed to reduce HFCs to save the planet • Decisions on three major issues for three sets of countries: CBDRR 1. Baseline (average consumption of HFCs) • Developed countries (Non-A5): 2011-2013 • 10 developing countries including India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and some oil economies like Saudi Arabia and Kuwait): 2024-2026 • Most of the developing countries including Bangladesh : 2020-2022

6. Amendments in Montreal Protocol • Kigali Amendment 2. Phasedown/Freezing of HFCs • Montreal Protocol parties reached a compromise, under which developed countries will start to phase down HFCs by 2019 • Most of the Developing countries will freeze HFCs consumption by 2024 • India and some other developing countries will freeze the consumption in 2028.

7. Amendments in Montreal Protocol • Kigali Amendment 3. Reduction target of HFCs • Rich and industrialized countries bring down their HFCs production and consumption by at least 85 per cent by 2036 compared to their baseline value. • Developing countries including Bangladesh are mandated to reduce their HFC use by 85 per cent of their average value in 2020-22 by 2045 • India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and some oil economies like Saudi Arabia and Kuwait — will cut down their HFCs by 85  per cent of their values in 2024-26 by the year 2047 (Source: Ozone Secretariat, UNEP; BBC, Indian Express)

8. Amendments in Montreal Protocol • Kigali Amendment 4. Financial Issues • Countries also agreed to provide adequate financing for HFCs reduction, the cost of which is estimated at billions of dollars globally. • Grants for research and development of affordable alternatives to hydrofluorocarbons will be the most immediate priority. • The exact amount of additional funding will be agreed at the next Meeting of the Parties in Montreal, in 2017. 5. Entry into force • 1 January 2019 (conditional)

9. Multilateral Fund • The main objective of the Fund is to assist developing country parties to comply with the control measures of the Protocol. Currently, • Since its inception in 1991, the Multilateral Fund has approved activities, including industrial conversion, technical assistance, training and capacity-building, worth over US $3.44 billion as of November 2015 (source: UNEP/Ozone Secretariat). • The Executive Committee approved the expenditure of approximately US $3.32 billion for the implementation of projects including industrial conversion, technical assistance, training and capacity building

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