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The Medici

The Medici. Family of bankers from Mugello Cosimo the Elder 1389-1464 Piero (the Gouty) 1416-1469 Lorenzo the Magnificient (1449-1492) and Giuliano----- Giulio (Pope Clement VII) ( 1478-1534 ) Giovanni ( Pope Leo X) 1475-1521. Cosimo the Elder.

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The Medici

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  1. The Medici • Family of bankers from Mugello • Cosimo the Elder 1389-1464 • Piero (the Gouty) 1416-1469 • Lorenzo the Magnificient (1449-1492) and Giuliano-----Giulio (Pope Clement VII) (1478-1534) • Giovanni ( Pope Leo X) 1475-1521

  2. Cosimo the Elder • “Always keep out of the public eye” but … • Undisputed patriach of Florence • In 1439 persuaded Pope Eugenius IV to transfer General Councilof the Greek Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church in FLORENCE • Presence of so many Greek scholars led to the study of Plato, the Platonic Academy, additions to Cosimo’s library • See Benozzo Gozzoli’s The Procession of the Magi in Medici Palace 1459

  3. The Medici Palace • In 1444 Cosimo asked Michelozzo Michelozzi to design the Palace in Via Larga (via Cavour) • Michelozzo also worked on the Convent of San Marco • Fra eato Angelico dipicted the cells of San Marco • Cosimo had a cell there too

  4. San Lorenzo • Parish church of the Medici • Very old church (393A.D.) , reconstructed by Brunelleschi • Sculptures by Donatello, Verrocchio … • Later by Michelangelo, Pontormo, Rosso Fiorentino • Cosimo is buried in the crypt, on the naive: “Pater Patriae”

  5. Old Sacristy • Brunelleschi designed it • Donatello executed the statues • Tomb of Cosimo’s sons (Giovanni and Piero) • Commissioned by Lorenzo

  6. The New Sacristy • Under the Old Sacristy, proves Michelangelo’s genius • Commissioned by Giuliano’s natural son, Pope Clement VII in 1521 • Tombs of Lorenzo and his brother Giuliano: in simple graves near the wall • Lorenzo = pensieroso, Giuliano = military chief, 4 allegories: Night, Day, Dusk, Dawn

  7. Chapel of the Princes • Luxurious, octagonal edifice,covered in semi-precious stones and marbles • Burial place for the Grand dukes • 6 porphyry tombs surmounted by bronze statues of the deceased: Cosimo I,, Francesco I, Ferdinando I,Cosimo II, Ferdinando II,Cosimo III. • Central pillar remains of Cosimo the elder • In all 45 tombs of Medici family

  8. The Laurentian Library • Founded by Cosimo the Elder • Enriched by Lorenzo • Taken to Rome by Leo X • Presented to Florence by Clement VII • Commissioned Michelangelo to design edifice • HALL and staircase

  9. Semi Precious Stones • The stones are divided into minerals and rocks (made up of several different minerals) • The hardness of the minerals is measured by their resistance to beig worked on • The hardness of a stone is based on Moh’s scale of 1 to 10 • Talc is the softest at 1, the diamond is the hardest at 10

  10. Semi Precious Stones • Soft stones (from 1 to 5): marble, alabaster, lapis lazuli, malachite • Semi precious stones (or pietre due): chalcedony, agate, jasper, petrified wood, porphyry, rock crystal • Gems: emerald, ruby, diamond

  11. Manufacturing Tecnique • Glyptics – 3 dimensional manufacturing tecnique for sculptures,vases, cameos, gems • Commesso – a particular type of mosaic, used in Ancient Rome, and brought to perfection in Florence in 1588 in the Opificio delle Pietre Dure (Semi precious stones workshop)

  12. Glyptics • First a drawing of the object is produced • The right stone is chosen (for size and COLOUR) • To consume the stone a drill with an emeric wheel is used • To polish the object a felt wheel is used • Cameos: agate or onyx is used

  13. Commesso • Semi precious stones a re too hard to be sculptured and therefore must be consumed • They are consumed with an abrasive powder called EMERY • Emery powder is formed by sand rich of quartz

  14. Tarsia • Bi-dimensional painting made of slices of stone • This tecnique is also called Commesso from the latin = joining together • The stone is cut into thin slices • The artist chooses the stones with the right colour

  15. Tarsia • The slices are cut into very precise forms with a special bow with a emery thread • The forms are glued to the drawing • The pieces are put on a slate (piallaccio), covered with plaster, another slate is glued on the back, the plaster is washed away • The stones are polished with a liquid :potè

  16. Inlay (Intarsio) • Inlaying technique: • The tarsia is placed in a groove of a background stone

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