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Newton’s Second Law

Newton’s Second Law. Building Science Champions. In thought. Which of the following do you think would deliver a greater force when colliding with a wall? A golf ball moving at 70 m/s or a baseball moving at 50 m/s ? Explain your answer in 3- 4 sentences. Objectives.

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Newton’s Second Law

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  1. Newton’s Second Law Building Science Champions

  2. In thought • Which of the following do you think would deliver a greater force when colliding with a wall? A golf ball moving at 70 m/s or a baseball moving at 50 m/s? Explain your answer in 3-4 sentences.

  3. Objectives • State Newton’s second law of motion and explain how force and mass are related to acceleration

  4. Key Term • Newton (N)

  5. Newton’s Second Law of Motion • THE NET FORCE ON AN OBJECT IS EQUAL TO THE PRODUCT OF ITS ACCELERATION AND ITS MASS • FORCE = MASS x ACCELERATION • F = ma IMPORTANT

  6. F = ma • Acceleration is measured in meters per second per second (m/s2) • Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) • Force = kg x m/s2 • One newton (N) is equal to the force required to accelerate one kilogram of mass at one meter per second per second

  7. a = F/m • Acceleration of an object can be found if you know the force measured in newtons and the mass of the object • A = F/m • A = m/s2 • F = N • m = kg

  8. Force Practice Problem A 52 kg water skier is being pulled by a speedboat. The force causes the skier to accelerate at 2 m/s2. Calculate the net force that causes this acceleration. F = ma Force is measured in NEWTONS Force = 52 kg x 2 m/s2 Force = 104 kg x m/s2 Force = 104 N

  9. Force Problems What is the net force on a 2,500-kg elevator accelerating at 2.3 m/s2? Force = 5,750 N What net force is needed to accelerate a 55-kg cart at 17 m/s2? Force = 935 N

  10. Changes in Force and Mass • One way to increase acceleration is to increase the force • According to F = ma, when force increases the acceleration also increases • Another way to increase acceleration is change the mass • Mass and acceleration have an inverse relationship, meaning if one goes up the other goes down

  11. Review • Force = mass x acceleration • If force increases so does the acceleration • If mass increases acceleration decreases

  12. References • Anderson, M. et all (2012) Physical Science. McGraw-Hill: Columbus • Frank, D.V et al (2001). Physical Science. Prentice Hall: New Jersey

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