Skeletal System

1. Skeletal System

2. 1. Movement:Skeletal system provides points of attachment for muscles. Your legs and arms move when the muscles pull on the bones. 2. Support: The backbone is the main support center for the upper body. It holds your head up and protects your spinal cord. Muscle attached to bones!! 5 Functions of the Skeletal System

3. 3. Protection:The bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury. 4. Makes Blood:Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bone. 5 Functions of the Skeletal System

4. 5. Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body 5 Functions of the Skeletal System

5. Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, ribs and sternum. Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages of the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs. Two Major Skeletal System Parts

6. Skeletal System Bones • Four basic bone shapes • 1. Long- arms, legs and fingers • 2. Short- wrist and ankles • 3. Flat- skull and sternum • 4. Irregular- spine

7. Some are thicker than others!!! Bones of the Cranium

8. Cranium Bones Parietal Bone Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Temporal Bone Occipital Bone

9. Maxilla and Mandible ? Maxilla Mandible

10. The clavicle, or collar bone, holds the shoulder joint away from the rest of the upper body and is only as thick as your little finger. It is also called collarbone. Clavicle or Collarbone

11. The scapula is located on the back side of the ribcage and helps provide part of the shoulder joint and movement for the arms. Scapula

12. 1) The cervical region (neck bones)  2) The thorasic region (what the ribs attach to) 3) The lumbar region (the lower part of the back) Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord

13. Coccyx and Sacrum

14. Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)

15. Humerus • Humerus is the largest and longest bone of the upper arm. • Ulna is the longer, medial bone of the forearm. • Radius is the shorter , lateral bone of the forearm.

16. Radius and Ulna • Radius on Top • Ulna on Bottom

17. Carpals or (Wrist Bones)

18. Metacarpals (Top of Hands)The palm of the hand is made up of the five metacarpal bones. These are small, long bones, each with a base, a shaft, and a head.

19. Phalanges (Little Fingers)Each finger, except the thumb, has three phalanges: a proximal, a midle, and a terminal or distal phalanx.The thumb has only a proximal and distal phalanx.

20. Rib Cage

21. The ribs • There are 12 pairs of ribs, which are named according to their anterior attachments. Because the upper seven pairs articulate directly with sternum, they are called true ribs. • The lower five pairs are called false ribs. • Because the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs have no cartilage and do not attach at all anteriorly, these “false ribs” have another name , floating ribs. • All ribs attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae.

22. Sternum (Breastbone)The sternum, or breastbone, is a long, flat, bony plate that forms the most anterior section of the rib cage. The primary function of the sternum is the protection of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels from physical damage

23. Pelvis (Dancing Bone)The ring made by the pelvic girdle functions as the birth canal in females. The pelvis provides attachment for muscles that balance and support the trunk and move the legs, the hips, and the trunk. It is usually wider and broader in females and smaller and narrower in males.

24. Femur or thigh (Largest and heaviest Bone in the Body)It functions in supporting the weight of the body and allowing motion of the leg

25. The Tibia and FibulaThe tibia is the larger of the two bonesforming the lower leg. It is also known as the shinbone.The fibula, is also known as the calf bone.It lies parallel with and on the lateral side of the tibia.

26. TarsalsThe bones of ankle are known as the tarsal bones.The short tarsal bones resemble the carpal bones of the wrist but are larger. They are arranged in the hind foot and forefoot. They function as a strong weight-bearing platform. The calcaneus, or heel bone, is the largest tarsal and forms the prominence at the back of the foot.

27. MetatarsalsThe metatarsal bones are connected to the bones of the toe, or phalanges. Metatarsals are convex in shape (arch upward), are long bones, and give the foot its arch. They work with connective tissues, ligaments and tendons, to provide movement in the foot.

28. PhalangesThe phalanges of the toes are classified as long bones despite their short length because again they have a base, shaft, and head. They have the same arrangement as the phalanges of the fingers. There are two phalanges in the great toe, proximal and distal.

29. Calcaneous or heel bone

30. Abnormal curvantures of the spine • Kyphosis • Lordosis • scoliosis

31. Skeletal System Review My Videos\wholebodyskeleton.mov

32. Ball and Socket Joint:Round end of bone fitting snuggly within another bone. Ex. Shoulder and Hip Joints of the Body

33. Hinge Joint: Movement at joint in one direction like a door. Ex. Knee and Elbow Joints of the Body

34. Pivot Joint:Bone resting atop another bone permitting free movement. Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ankles Joints of the Body

35. Fixed Immovable:Joint does not move Ex. Skull Gliding Joint:Bones slipping over other bones with a free flowing movement. Ex. Knuckles Joints of the Body

36. Ligaments:Connect bone to bone The Connectors of the Body

37. The Connectors of the Body!! • Tendon:Attaches muscles to bones

38. The Connectors of the Body • Cartilage: It acts as a cushion between bones at a joint and protects the bones.

39. Fracture: Break Dislocation: Out of joint Problems of the Skeletal System

40. Sprain: Swelling in the joint Arthritis: Inflamed and stiff joints Problems of the Skeletal System

41. Scoliosis: Curvature of the spine Osteoporosis: Brittle bones Problems of the Skeletal System!!