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Kyoto Protocol. Ryan O’Leary Econ 439. Overview. Initial Question Outline Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms involved Journal articles reviewed Bush Administration position Conclusion Q & A. Concerns Around the Bush Administration and the Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol.
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Kyoto Protocol Ryan O’Leary Econ 439
Overview • Initial Question • Outline Kyoto Protocol • Mechanisms involved • Journal articles reviewed • Bush Administration position • Conclusion • Q & A
Concerns Around the Bush Administration and the Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol
What is the Kyoto Protocol? • Agreement between developing and industrialized nations • Collective effort to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions • Adopted on Dec 11th, ‘97 in Kyoto Japan • Most participants must reduce GHG at least 5.2% by 2012
3 GHG Basics 1) Largest share of GHG emissions stems from developed nations 2) Per-capita emissions in developing nations are relatively low 3) GHG emissions in developing nations will continue to grow to meet social and development needs
Kyoto Mechanisms • Emissions trading • Between nations • Joint implementation (JI) • Project in participating Annex 1 nation • Clean development mechanism (CDM) • Non Annex 1 nation, afforestation and reforestation projects.
Selected Articles • Carey, John and Sarah Shapiro. 2004. Global Warming. Business Week, Issue 3896. Pages 60 – 69. • Isla, Ana. 2007. The Kyoto Protocol. Women & Environments International Magazine. Issue 74/75. Pages 30 – 33 • Kriz, Margaret. 2007. Cleaner Air, Cleaner Water. National Journal, Vol 39 (Issue 3): Page 20 - 22
US Contribution to GHG http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usgginventory.html
Bush Administration • Yet to ratify protocol… • “the Bush Administration flatly rejects Kyoto and mandatory [pollution] curbs.” - Carey & Shapiro • "No nation will mortgage its growth and prosperity to cut greenhouse-gas emissions.” - Energy Secretary Abraham • Harmful to economy and could promote job loss
Bush Admin Cont… • Bush Admin does not want to be tied down to a hard numbers • Bush Admin un easy about develping countries held to different standards • Overall to costly too the economy • Job losses
Conclusions • Bush Admin acknowledges the importance of curbing GHG emissions • Bush Admin feels the protocol is too costly and therefore opts not to ratify • Kyoto plays an important role in uniting nations with a combined effort to reduce GHG emission and curb global warming