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Chiang Kai-shek and the Whampoa Military Academy Take Two

Chiang Kai-shek and the Whampoa Military Academy Take Two. Randolph Miller. Importance of Whampoa. Chiang said "Whampoa was personally created by Mr. Sun. It is his only legacy .”. Overview of Whampoa. Official name is Nationalist Party of China Army Officer Academy Opened on May 1, 1924

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Chiang Kai-shek and the Whampoa Military Academy Take Two

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  1. Chiang Kai-shek and the Whampoa Military AcademyTake Two Randolph Miller

  2. Importance of Whampoa • Chiang said "Whampoa was personally created by Mr. Sun. It is his only legacy.”

  3. Overview of Whampoa • Official name is Nationalist Party of China Army Officer Academy • Opened on May 1, 1924 • produced many prestigious Chinese military commanders • Graduates fought in Northern Expedition, Second Sino-Japanese War, and Chinese Civil War • Closed in 1926 after 6 terms and 7000 students • Located on an island (Chanzhou or Whampoa?) near Canton

  4. Canton is also called Guangzhou http://www.diychinatours.com/china-guide/china-map-guide/guangzhou/guangzhous-location.htm

  5. Location of Whampoa http://www.navyandmarine.org/ondeck/BarrierFortsPictures/CantonHarbor.gif

  6. Reasons For Whampoa • China was fragmented by warlords • Sun Yat-sen launched Northern Campaign to try and unite China under Three Principles of the People • Sun Yat-sen was worried his military was weaker than the militaries of the warlords • Western powers wouldn’t provide Sun with support • Money for construction and support was provided by the Soviets

  7. Military Training at Whampoa • Basic training for infantry • Artillery • Engineering • Communication • Logistical • Machine gun

  8. Mar 20th incident • Also called Zhongshan Warship incident • Mar 20, 1926 Chiang Kai-shek was almost kidnapped • In May 1926 Chiang excluded communists from the Whampoa Military Academy because of this

  9. Whampoa Soviet Officers Soviet officers gave lectures at the academy Taught history of military thought A.S. Bubnov • Not shown: • G.I. Gilev • S.N. Naumov M.I. Dratvin http://www.allcollection.net/russia-5087-year-1984-anniversary-of-the-birth-of-as-bubnov-state-official~x23166615 http://www.pseudology.org/colonels/DratvinMI.htm

  10. Liao Zhongkai Representative of KMT to the academy http://ookaboo.com/o/pictures/picture/11703178/Liao_Zhongkai1877__1925 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Liao_Zhongkai2.jpg

  11. Whampoa founding ceremony, 1924 Liao Zhongkai Chiang Kai-shek Sun Yat-sen http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Whampoa3.jpg

  12. Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/5062007131230.jpg

  13. HenkSneevliet • A representative from Comintern (Communist International) • (HenkSneevliet using the name Maring) met with Sun in Guangxi and proposed the military academy http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Henk-sneevliet.gif http://www.histomil.com/viewtopic.php?f=94&t=188 http://www.iisg.nl/collections/sneevliet/

  14. Guangxi • A representative from Communist International (HenkSneevliet using the name Maring) met with Sun in Guangxi and proposed the military academy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:China_Guangxi.svg

  15. ZhouEnlai • (political department instructor) Zhou vigorously extended communist influence at the academy Had to leave Whampoa in May 1926 with the rest of the communists http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kissinger_Mao.jpg Henry Kissinger Zhou Enlai Mao Zedong http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/1924_Zhou_Enlai_in_National_Revolutionary_Army_uniform2.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Zhou_Enlai_MeiyuanXincun17_Nanjing_1946.jpg

  16. HuHanming (political department instructor) HuHanming Chiang Kai-shek http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Hu_Hanming3.jpg http://guides.library.yale.edu/content.php?pid=47735&sid=357059

  17. WangJingwei • (political department instructor) AKA Wang Ching-wei http://www.zyzyo.com/2011/04/traitors-who-committed-treachery/ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Wang_Jingwei.png

  18. He Yingqin(military instructor) • Was picked by Chiang because Chiang knew of He’s talent • Also “general instructor” of the academy • Led a regiment of students from the academy as colonel to fight against the warlord Chen Jiongming http://www.qwiki.com/q/#!/He_Yingqin http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Ho_Ying-chin.jpg

  19. Lin Biao (communist graduate) • Graduated from Whampoa in 1925 • Also goes by Lin Yurong • In National Revolutionary Army participated in Northern Expedition • Went from Deputy Platoon Leader to Battalion Commander • Became one of the Red Army’s best battlefield commanders • Commenting on Mao’s circlings during The Long March to evade Chiang “the campaign had begun to look like one of Walt Disney's early cartoons in which Mickey Mouse again and again escaped the clutches of the huge, stupid cat." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lin_Biao1.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lin_Biao_Blue_Sky_White_Sun.jpg http://kaixin.com.au/jiang-gu-shi/2008/8/19/lin-biao.html

  20. XuXiangqian(communist graduate) Admitted to Whampoa in 1924 Served in National Revolutionary Army http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xu_xiangqian1.jpg http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Long-March/Long-March-Xu-Xiangqian.html

  21. ZuoQuan(communist graduate) Became communist commander http://english.chinamil.com.cn/site2/special-reports/2005-08/11/content_270858.htm http://www.generals.dk/general/Zuo_Quan/_/China.html

  22. Chen Cheng (Nationalist graduate) • Entered Whampoa in 1924 • Participated in Northern Expedition with National Revolutionary Army http://www.ask.com/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_Republic_of_China http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Chen_cheng.jpg

  23. Du Yuming(Nationalist graduate) Du was a graduate of the first cadet class of Whampoa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Du_yuming.jpg

  24. XueYue(Nationalist graduate) • Graduate from Whampoa • One of the most effective nationalist commanders in the Northern Expedition http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/Sitok.png http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?f=101&t=83297&p=751955 http://www.generals.dk/general/Xue_Yue/_/China.html

  25. HuZongnan(Nationalist graduate) • In the first graduating class of Whampoa in 1924 • Took part in Northern Expedition http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Hu_Zongnan.jpg

  26. Modern pictures of Whampoa http://academic.mu.edu/meissnerd/whampoa.htm http://wapedia.mobi/en/Whampoa_Academy http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Huangpu_Xueshengsushe.JPG

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