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Weak compliance limits EIA effectiveness comparative research in Ghana and Georgia

Weak compliance limits EIA effectiveness comparative research in Ghana and Georgia. Arend Kolhoff PhD – IAIA-17 Montreal. Research. Main research question: Which factors explain the effectiveness of EIA in Ghana and Georgia EIA procedure:

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Weak compliance limits EIA effectiveness comparative research in Ghana and Georgia

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  1. Weak compliance limits EIA effectivenesscomparative research in Ghana and Georgia Arend Kolhoff PhD – IAIA-17 Montreal

  2. Research Main research question: • Which factors explain the effectiveness of EIA in Ghana and Georgia EIA procedure: • EIA phase: screening, scoping, reviewing, approval /licensing • EIA follow-up phase: compliance monitoring / inspection and enforcement

  3. Conceptual model Context EIA system Effective- ness Environ- mental protection EIA legislation performance Inter- ventions Actors & capacities 3

  4. Conceptual model Context EIA system Effective- ness Environ- mental protection EIA legislation performance Inter- ventions Key actors & key capacities 4

  5. Method • Comparative research in: • Ghana (4 cases; 53 interviews; field visits) • Georgia (8 cases; 66 interviews; field visits)

  6. Measuring effectiveness Effectiv- ness B b

  7. Ghana

  8. Georgia

  9. Level of effectiveness

  10. Level of effectiveness

  11. Level of effectiveness

  12. Conclusion (1) • Positive changes during EIA phase • These changes lost during EIA follow-up phaseduetoweakinspectionandenforcementbythe EIA authority • Total effect of EIA is limited • IFI fundedprojects (N=5) score slightlybetter • Ghana scores betterthan Georgia

  13. Explaining effectiveness EIA arena formal + informal institutions Donorr Peopler Project characterist.nr Sector ministry EIA authority nr Proponent r Effectivenessr

  14. Explaining effectiveness

  15. How to improve EIA effectiveness? • Improve compliance / enforcement: • Strategiesbythe EIA / inspectionauthority • More capacity • More effectivecapacity • Georgia: Re-active approach • Ghana: Pro-active approach - Strengthen accountability mechanisms

  16. Conclusion (2) • Proponent’swilland power determines EIA effectiveness • EIA authority’s opportunity to force andenforcethe proponent • Low - whenthewill of the proponent is low • Grows – whenthewill of the proponent increases • IFIscan have a considerableinfluence on effectiveness • The public has no tolittleinfluence • Findingsillustrativefor EIA effectiveness in Ghana & Georgia • Pro-active compliance approach by EIA authority is more effective

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