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Human Reproductive System

Human Reproductive System. Bellwork – 5/4/15. Define Hypothalamus: Portion of the brain that connects the endocrine and nervous systems, and controls the pituitary gland. Main Idea : Hormones regulate human reproductive systems, including the production of gametes. Male Reproductive System.

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Human Reproductive System

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  1. Human Reproductive System

  2. Bellwork – 5/4/15 Define Hypothalamus: Portion of the brain that connects the endocrine and nervous systems, and controls the pituitary gland. Main Idea: Hormones regulate human reproductive systems, including the production of gametes.

  3. Male Reproductive System

  4. Sperm Formation • MEIOSIS • Form in testes • Temperature important! • Scrotum • Leave testes via epididymus to the vas deferens

  5. Semen • Fluids help to transport, feed, and protect sperm • Seminal vesicles • Prostate gland • Bulbourethral glands

  6. Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Male • Produced by testosterone • Deeper voice • Axillary and pubic hair • Chest and facial hair • Lengthen bones • Increased size of testes for sperm production

  7. Bellwork – 5/5/15 Define Fertilization – Process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell with 2n chromosomes, with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent.

  8. Bellwork – 5/5/15 Main Idea – A human develops from a single fertilized cell into trillions of cells with specialized functions.

  9. Female Reproductive System

  10. Ovum Formation • MEIOSIS • Ova are formed before birth • 1 ovum per month is matured and released from ovaries

  11. Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Female • Induced by increased LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone hormone levels • Axillary and pubic hair • Widen pelvis • Enlarge mammary tissue • Begin menstrual cycles

  12. Fertilization • Occurs in upper 1/3 of Fallopian tube • Once one sperm enters, egg membrane changes • Fertilized egg = zygote

  13. Menstrual Cycle • The length of the menstrual cycle can vary from 23 to 35 days. • Three phases: • Flow phase • Follicular phase • Luteal phase

  14. Flow Phase • Menstrual flow is the shedding of blood, tissue fluid, mucus, and epithelial cells from the endometrium – the tissue that lines the uterus. • If fertilization does not take place, outer layers of the endometrium tear away, and blood vessels that supply the tissue rupture.

  15. Follicular Phase • Anterior pituitary begins to increase production of LH and FSH. • This stimulates a few follicles to begin to mature in the ovary. • Inside each follicle is an immature egg – the oocyte. • Rapid release of LH causes ovulation.

  16. Luteal Phase • After ovulation, the cells of the follicle change, and the follicle is transformed into a structure called the corpus luteum. • Corpus luteum breaks down, no longer producing progesterone and estrogen at end of cycle

  17. Menstrual Cycle • A rapid decrease in hormones triggers detachment of the endometrium, and the flow phase of a new menstural cycle will begin.

  18. Implantation • Implanted into thick walls of uterus • Chorion membranes dig into uterus to form placenta • Embryo supported via umbilical cord • Once pregnant, progesterone levels stay high in mom

  19. 1st Trimester • Heart develops first • Neural tube develops • All body systems appear by Week 8 – Now a Fetus

  20. 2nd Trimester • Mostly growth • Looks more like a baby • Some preemies survive at this stage

  21. 3rd Trimester • More growth • Kicking, rolling, stretching • Eyes open – Week 32 • Lungs mature • Rotates to head-down position

  22. Birth • Labor • Uterine contractions begin • Cervix dilates to 10 cm. • Birth • Uterus pushes baby through vaginal canal • Placenta delivered after

  23. Most of this not fun?

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