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Understanding Human Reproductive System Basics

Explore the organs and glands involved in human reproduction, the process of puberty, hormonal control, differences between male and female anatomy, and the journey of sperm. Learn about sperm production, fertilization, and key reproductive hormones.

shannoncarter
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Understanding Human Reproductive System Basics

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  1. Human Reproductive System

  2. Defined: organs & glands that produce hormones which help make a new human. • Puberty = sexual maturity (ability to reproduce) • Controlled by hormones • Hypothalamus & Pituitary glands release 2 major hormones: • FSH • LH Develop sexual characteristics and reproductive system

  3. Males vs. Females • Differences • Male • XY • Produce MILLIONS of sperm every day • Female • XX • One egg, once a month • Similarities • 2 compartments • Testes • Ovaries • Start inside body • Testicles drop before birth • Fetus has glands that could become either female or male • Father “determines” gender • Depends on genes • XX: Female • XY: Male

  4. Male Anatomy

  5. Male Reproductive System FSH LH • Function: • Produce sperm • Deliver sperm to female egg • Testes • Outside body • If temp is too high, sperm can’t be made • Produces Testosterone • Develops male sex characteristics • Makes sperm Testosterone

  6. spermatogonium Review: Spermatogenesis Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2 • Defined: Production of sperm cells • Process: Meiosis • Location: male testes • Makes final changes to sperm cell • Four haploid sperm cells at a time • 23 chromosomes in each Spermatogenesis

  7. What is sperm? • MYTH: tiny human inside • TRUTH: • Contains Several Parts: • Head • Enzymes to get through egg membrane • 22 autosomes • X or Y chromosome • Mitochondria • Energy • Tail (flagellum) • Swimming • Matures in the epididymis

  8. Male Reproductive sys. Cont.: Prostate • Function: Produces fluid that nourishes and protects sperm • Sperm + fluid = semen • Cancer • Most common form in men • Slower-growing (usually) • Radiation, Chemotherapy, or surgery for removal • Prostate exams help monitor

  9. Fertilization • Defined: Fusion of egg and sperm to create zygote • Semen  vas deferens  urethra opening • 50-500 million sperm released • only 1 sperm cell gets through to egg • enzymes help get in • instant biochemical change (no more sperm can enter)

  10. Journey of the sperm

  11. Review • Which hormones stimulate the maturity of the male reproductive system? • Which cellular process produces sperm cells? • Explain the function of the following: pituitary gland, testes, prostate, epididymis, and vas deferens • How does the structure of a sperm cell aid in it’s function • Describe how an egg is fertilized • Are sperm cells haploid or diploid? A zygote? • How many chromosomes can be found in a human sperm cell? A zygote?

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