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MINERAL CLASSIFICATION

Learn how minerals are grouped based on their chemical composition, including silicates, carbonates, oxides, and more. Follow the instructions to classify minerals accurately.

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MINERAL CLASSIFICATION

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  1. MINERAL CLASSIFICATION How minerals are grouped

  2. Classification • Minerals are generally grouped or classified based on their chemical composition. • Most common system is the Dana system. • Developed by Professor James Dana of Yale University in 1848.

  3. Mineral Composition • Minerals are usually compounds made of the most common elements in the crust

  4. Silicates • The largest group of minerals • Composed of: • Metal + SiO2 • Example: topaz • Al2SiO4(F,OH)3

  5. Carbonates • The second largest group of minerals • Composed of: • Metal + CO3 • Example: calcite • CaCO3

  6. Oxides • Composed of: • Metal + O • Example: magnetite • Fe3O4

  7. Sulfates • Composed of: • Metal + SO4 • Example: barite • BaSO4

  8. Halides • Composed of: • Metal + halogen • Halogens include: • Chlorine • Fluorine • Bromine • Iodine • Example: fluorite • CaF2

  9. Sulfides • Composed of: • Metal + S • Example: chalcocite • Cu2S

  10. Phosphates • Composed of: • Metal + PO4 • Example: Apatite • Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl)

  11. Nitrates • Composed of: • Metal + NO3 • Example: Niter • KNO3

  12. Native Elements • Composed of: • A single element • Example: Gold • Au

  13. Instructions: Place the names of the mineral groups across the top of your desk. Place the minerals in the correct column based on the chemistry.

  14. Here are the correct results

  15. Native Elements Silicates Oxides Halides Phosphates Gold: Au Beryl: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Chromite: FeCr2O4 Cryolite: Na3AlF6 Apatite: Ca5(F,Cl,OH)(PO4)3 Silver: Ag Talc: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 Corundum: Al2O3 Halite: NaCl Turquoise: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.2H2O Copper: Cu Orthoclase: KAlSi3O8 Hematite: Fe2O3 Fluorite: CaF2 Lazulite: MgAl2(OH)2(PO4)2 Sulfur: S Muscovite: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Magnetite: Fe3O4 Sylvite: KCl Quartz: SiO2 Ilmenite: FeTiO3 Kaolinite: Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8 Rutile: TiO2 Carbonates Sulfates Sulfides Nitrates Calcite: CaCO3 Gypsum: CaSO4.2H2O Galena: PbS Niter: KNO3 Dolomite: CaMg(CO3)2 Barite: BaSO4 Sphalerite: ZnS Siderite: FeCO3 Anhydrite: CaSO4 Pyrite: FeS2 Malachite: Cu2CO3(OH)2 Epsomite: MgSO4.7H2O Bornite: Cu5FeS4

  16. Directions on how to print the next slide for classroom use: • Follow these steps to print a copy of the mineral labels used by students in this activity. • Duplicate the sheet and cut along the lines. • Select “Print Preview” option on print menu. • Select “slides” on Print What menu. • Select “Print” on print menu. • Choose page 17 to print and on the Options menu choose “black and white”.

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