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Learn about exceptions to Mendel's principles, such as incomplete dominance and codominance, and understand how the environment influences gene expression and trait determination.
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Learning Objectives • Describe some of the exceptions to Mendel’s principles. • Explain the environment’s role in the way genes determine traits.
Incomplete Dominance Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. Incomplete dominance: One allele is not completely dominant over another.
Codominance The phenotypes for both alleles are clearly expressed. Examples: chicken feather color, human protein controlling blood cholesterol levels
Multiple Alleles Many genes exist in more than two forms. Examples: human blood types, fur color in rabbits
Polygenic Traits Many traits are produced by the interaction of several genes. Examples: eye color in fruit flies, coat color in dogs Traits typically show a wide variety of phenotypes.
Genes and the Environment Environmental conditions can affect gene expression and influence genetically determined traits. The of an organism is only partly determined by its . phenotype genotype