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WIND TURBINE CONTROL Wind Energy Explained Chapter 8, pp. 359-406 (*figures from text)

WIND TURBINE CONTROL Wind Energy Explained Chapter 8, pp. 359-406 (*figures from text) David Peters. 8.1 Introduction Things to control statically: storage of wind speed measurements health usage monitoring release parking brake blade pitch settings electrical contacts to power grid.

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WIND TURBINE CONTROL Wind Energy Explained Chapter 8, pp. 359-406 (*figures from text)

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  1. WIND TURBINE CONTROL Wind Energy Explained Chapter 8, pp. 359-406 (*figures from text) David Peters

  2. 8.1 Introduction • Things to control statically: • storage of wind speed measurements • health usage monitoring • release parking brake • blade pitch settings • electrical contacts to power grid

  3. Things to control dynamically: • blade collective and cyclic pitch • nacelle yaw angle • generator torque • rotor RPM • rotor shutdown in high winds

  4. Examples of control systems

  5. 10kW Bergey Excel

  6. Lagerwey LW18/80

  7. ESI-80

  8. Vestas V47-660/200 kW

  9. Enron Wind 750i

  10. 8.2 Overview of Wind Turbine • Control Systems • 8.2.1 Basic turbine model • aerodynamics • rotor inertia • shaft flexibility • brake torque • drive train inertia • electrical torque

  11. 8.2.2 Control system components • controller • amplifier • actuator • plant model • sensors

  12. 8.2.3 Control of turbine processes • aerodynamic torque • generator torque • brake torque • yaw orientation

  13. 8.3 Typical Grid-connected • Turbine Operation • 8.3.1 Constant-speed operating systems • stall-regulated • two-speed stall regulated • active pitch regulated

  14. 8.3.2 Variable-speed operating systems • stall-regulated • active pitch regulated • passive pitch regulated

  15. 8.4 Supervisory Control • Overview • 8.4.1 Supervisory control-system • overview • safety • reporting • monitoring operation • managing operation • emergency systems

  16. 8.4.2a Operating states-coming on line • system check • ready for operation • start and brake release • grid connection • power production

  17. 8.4.2b Operating States-coming off line • grid disconnection • freewheeling • shutdown • emergency shutdown

  18. 8.4.3 Fault diagnosis • 8.4.4 Implementation • hardware logic control • electrical logic control • computer control

  19. 8.4.5 Fail-safe backup systems • grid loss • controller failure • independent emergency shutdown • independent hardware shutdown

  20. 8.5 Dynamic Control Theory • and Implementation • 8.5.1 - Purpose of dynamic control • (example of yaw) • proportional gain (bring to desired value) • rate gain (stop at desired value) • integral gain (account for static disturbances) • choice of gains for stability and performance

  21. 8.5.2 Dynamic control system design • methodologies • classical control • adaptive control • optimal control • genetic control • system models • physically based • system identification

  22. 8.5.3 Control issues specific to turbines 1. types of disturbances 2. response t disturbances

  23. 8.5.3 Control issues specific to turbines 3. resonances 4. speed ratio issues 5. transitions

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