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ACIDS & BASES -Properties -Naming

Discover the properties, naming conventions, and reactions of acids and bases. Learn about electrolytes and reactions with metals. Understand how to name acids and bases correctly. Expand your knowledge of chemical compounds.

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ACIDS & BASES -Properties -Naming

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  1. ACIDS & BASES-Properties-Naming

  2. Properties of Acids • Sour taste • Electrolytes – aqueous solutions conduct an electric current • React with bases to form water and a salt. (Neutralization Reaction) • React with most metals to produce H2(g) • Acids turn litmus red

  3. Electrolyte • Substance that dissolves in H2O to produce a solution that conducts an electric current. • Acids, bases, & salts are electrolytes – form ions in H2O. NaCl (s) Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) Memory Jogger

  4. Which metals react with acids? • See Table J. • All the metals above H2 react with acids. • Cu, Ag, and Au do not react with acids.

  5. 2HCl + Mg  MgCl2 + H2 • Mg is above H2 in Table J so reaction proceeds. • Single replacement • Redox

  6. Properties of Bases • Bitter taste • Slippery or soapy feeling • Electrolytes • React with acids to produce water and a salt(Neutralization Reaction) • Bases turn litmus blue

  7. Formulas of Acids • General format = HX where X is a nonmetal such as F, Cl, Br, I or X is a negative polyatomic ion (Table E) • Some acids have 2 or 3 H’s • Ex: HF, H2S, H3PO4

  8. Formulas of Bases • General Format = MOH where M is a metal. • Ex: NaOH, Ca(OH)2 • NH3 is the exception – it’s a base, too. • CH3OH is NOT a base. WHY?

  9. NaCl C2H5OH H2SO4 NaOH C6H12O6 CaI2 HF Mg(OH)2 C3H7OH CCl4 HNO3 C5H12 K3PO4 CH3OCH3 LiOH HI (NH4)2SO4 C12H22O11 Identify the Electrolytes NO Yes - S Yes - A NO NO Yes - A Yes - S Yes - B NO NO Yes - B Yes - S Yes - A Yes - A Yes - S Yes - B NO NO

  10. Vocabulary Interlude • Monoprotic Acid – has 1 acidic hydrogen • HCl, HF, HNO3 • Diprotic Acid – has 2 acidic hydrogens • H2SO4 • Triprotic Acid – has 3 acidic hydrogens • H3PO4 • All polyprotic acids ionize in steps

  11. Vocabulary • MonohydroxyBase – has 1 OH- group • DihydroxyBase – has 2 OH- groups • Trihydroxy Base - has 3 OH- groups

  12. Naming Binary Acids • Hydro + stem of nonmetal + ic • HF = ? • HCl = ? • H2S = ?

  13. Naming Ternary Acids • Name is derived from the polyatomic anion (see Table E) • Replace –ite with –ous plus acid HNO2 is nitrous acid • Replace –ate with –ic plus acid HNO3 is nitric acid

  14. Ternary Acids • For polyatomic ions with S and P, they make the stem long again. • H3PO4 = phosphoric acid, not phosphic acid • H2SO4 = sulfuric acid, not sulfic acid • H2SO3 = sulfurous acid, not sulfous acid • SEE TABLE K

  15. Naming Bases • Name the metal + hydroxide • NaOH = ? • Ca(OH)2 = ? • Sr(OH)2 = ?

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