1 / 21

Introduction to Biosensors

Introduction to Biosensors. Prof. Xingwei Wang. 1. Brain Storm. What do you think of biosensor?. 2. Brain Storm. What do you think of biosensor?. -- Detection of anthrax biological threat?. -- Glucose meters?. -- QCM?. -- Food safety?. -- Biology? Engineering?.

myles-evans
Download Presentation

Introduction to Biosensors

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to Biosensors Prof. Xingwei Wang 1

  2. Brain Storm • What do you think of biosensor? 2

  3. Brain Storm • What do you think of biosensor? -- Detection of anthrax biological threat? -- Glucose meters? -- QCM? -- Food safety? -- Biology? Engineering? -- 10.8 billion market? 10.4% growth rate? 3

  4. Significance & Great Demands Civil defense Food safety Criminology Environmental Monitoring Public Health Pathology 4

  5. Brief History • 1956, Prof. Clark, Father of biosensor concept, Invention of the oxygen electrode • 1962, First description of a biosensor • 1972/5, First commercial biosensor: Yellow Springs Instruments glucose biosensor • 1975, First immunosensor • 1980, First fibre optic pH sensor for in vivo blood gases • 1983, First surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor • 1987, Launch of the MediSense ExacTech™ blood glucose biosensor • 1990, Launch of the Pharmacia BIACore SPR-based biosensor system • 1992, i-STAT launches hand-held blood analyser • 1996, Abbott acquires MediSense for $867 million • 1998, Launch of LifeScan FastTake blood glucose biosensor • 1998, Merger of Roche and Boehringer Mannheim to form Roche Diagnostics • 2001, LifeScan purchases Inverness Medical's glucose testing business for $1.3billion 5

  6. What is a Biosensor • A device that uses biological components e.g. enzymes to indicate the amount of a biomaterial • Trace biomaterial? – Unnecessary (Eg. Metal ion, etc.) • Quantitative results? – Unnecessary (Eg., Pregnancy test) 6

  7. Components Transducer Bio Recognition Element Signal Output Requires: Simple read out and data interpretation; Easy to use; Quick response. Electrochemical Optical Enzymes; Antibodies; Receptors; Whole cells... Requires: Sample Immobilization 7

  8. Performance Factors • Sensitivity: Concentration; weight • Specificity/Selectivity: discriminate between substrates • Speed: Bench->Chip->Real Time • Accuracy: False signal • Cost • Easy to use • Life time 8

  9. Biosensing for Macromolecules • Steps: • Immobilization • Mixing • Washing the non-specific bindings • Signal transduction • Markers: • Enzymes • Fluorescence tags • Radioactive tags • Molecular: • Waston-Crick Base pairing • Antibody-Antigen binding 9

  10. Immunosensor • Antibody can be against • Bacteria • Complex carbohydrates • Smaller organic molecules 10

  11. DNA Complementary Chains • Four nitrogen bases • Complementary chains A T C G G C T A 11

  12. Six Steps • Select the single-stranded capture DNA sequence • Attach the capture DNA strand to a probe • Introduce the samples to be identified to the probes • Hybridization will occur if the sample is complementary with the capture sequence on the probe • Wash away the remaining unattached samples • Judgment 12

  13. Transducer • Electrochemical (Potentiometric, Voltammetric, Amperometry, Conductimetric) • Optical (Fluorescence, Absorbance, Light scattering, Refractive index) • Mechanical, Thermal, Piezoelectric, Magnetic 13

  14. Glucose Sensor http://www.ul.ie/elements/Issue6/Biosensors-%20Elements.htm 14

  15. Microcantilevers From http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/rev29_3/text/biosens.htm 15

  16. Medical Telesensor • An array of chips to monitor body functions • Wireless transmission • Military: Locate wounded soldiers • Domestic: Intensive patients From http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/rev29_3/text/biosens.htm 16

  17. Broad Potential Applications • Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring (WPSM): remote triage of injured Soldiers • Heart rate, breaths taken, skin temperature and ballistic impact • Foster-Miller (Waltham, Mass.) Putting these sensors on a belt that's sewn into a shirt (Picture from www.primordial.com/.../Hardware_Soldier_w640.png) 18

  18. Benefits Academia Biosensor Industry Military 19

  19. Challenges and Trend • Cheap • Sensitive • Selective • Speed • Portable • Simple • Cost • Sensitivity • Selectivity • Speed • Small? • Ease to use? • Integrated • Mass produced • Multiple analytes 20

  20. Multidisciplinary Nature Market Optics Biology Biosensor Electronics Chemistry Instrumentation Physics 21

  21. Worldwide Biosensor Vendor Market, 2003 22

More Related