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Chapter 99

Chapter 99. Ectoparasiticides. Ectoparasiticides. Parasites live on surface of host Scabies ( Sarcoptes scabiei ) Pediculosis—lice ( Pediculus humanus ) Pubic (pubis) Head (capitis) Body (corporis). Pharmacology of Ectoparasiticides. Topical drugs Forms: creams, gels, lotions, shampoos

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Chapter 99

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  1. Chapter 99 Ectoparasiticides

  2. Ectoparasiticides • Parasites live on surface of host • Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) • Pediculosis—lice (Pediculus humanus) • Pubic (pubis) • Head (capitis) • Body (corporis)

  3. Pharmacology of Ectoparasiticides • Topical drugs • Forms: creams, gels, lotions, shampoos • Principal agents • Permethrin (Nix, Elimite, Acticin) – resistance can develop • Malathion (Ovide) • Crotamiton (Eurax) • Oral treatment • Ivermectin (Stromectol)

  4. Permethrin • Trade names: Nix, Elimite, Acticin • Toxic to mites, lice, and their ova (also fleas and ticks) • Residual activity up to 2 weeks after treatment • Only one application is generally required • Devoid of serious side effects

  5. Malathion • Trade name: Ovide • Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor • Kills lice and their ova • Approved for treatment of head lice • Devoid of significant side effects

  6. Crotamiton • Trade name: Eurax • Used to treat scabies • Not indicated for pediculosis • Massaged into the skin of the entire body • A second application at 24 hours is needed • Treatment may be repeated in 7 days

  7. Pharmacology of Ectoparasiticides • Adverse effects • Skin irritation • Temporary burning, stinging, and numbness

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