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Cost Efficient Routing in Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks

Cost Efficient Routing in Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks. Ruibiao Qiu ruibiao@arl.wustl.edu. Outline. Background and motivation Cost model in ad hoc networks Cost-based routing scheme Adaptation to existing routing protocols Experimental results Conclusions. Introduction.

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Cost Efficient Routing in Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks

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  1. Cost Efficient Routing in Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks Ruibiao Qiu ruibiao@arl.wustl.edu Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

  2. Outline • Background and motivation • Cost model in ad hoc networks • Cost-based routing scheme • Adaptation to existing routing protocols • Experimental results • Conclusions Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

  3. Introduction • Wireless networks become increasingly popular and affordable • Ad hoc mobile wireless networks • Dynamic and easy deployment • No fixed infrastructure required • Applications • Emergency disaster relief, battlefields, information gathering, group interaction • Routing is crucial to the success of ad hoc mobile wireless networks Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

  4. Routing in Ad Hoc Networks • Select a suitable path between two nodes • Routing challenges in ad hoc networks • Dynamics, limited resources, environment complexity • Table-driven proactive protocols • Maintain consistent up-to-date route information of the network with constant updates • Examples: DSDV, CGSR, WRP • Source-initiated on-demand reactive protocols • Invoked only when there is a data delivery request but no existing paths • Examples: AODV, DSR, TORA, ABR • Location-based protocols • Use information about destination location to forward data packets • Examples: LAR, GPSR, SPEED Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

  5. Ad Hoc Networks Cost Model • Traditional protocols use hop count only as routing metrics • Unbalanced link bandwidth • Hops  distance • Data forwarding is more costly than wired networks • Observation: traffic variation diminishes as flows aggregate • More precise cost-based model is desirable • Consolidate all factors • Take advantages of traffic aggregation • Higher degree of traffic variation in wireless networks Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

  6. Cost Model • Connection cost depends on the individual flows • Individual flows exhibit statistically similar behavior • Aggregated flow variation is smaller than the sum of all individual flow variation Cu,v(f) = lu,v ( f + k  f½) Cp(f) = {(u,v) p}Cu,v(f) = {(u,v) p} lu,v ( f + k  f ½) • Cu,v(f): cost of transmitting flow volume f between nodes u and v • Cp(f):cost of transmitting flow volume f on path p • lu,v: length between nodes u and v • f: total traffic flow load • : individual traffic variation parameter • k: constant factor Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

  7. Cost-based Routing Scheme • Use the ad hoc network cost model to replace the hop count as the routing metrics • Basic operations • Cost computation • By the cost model • Cost update • Per-link incremental cost Cu,vincurred by flow increment  Cu,v = lu,v [ + k  (f + )½ - k ½)] • Whole path incremental cost Cu,v is computed similarly Cp = {(u,v) p}Cu,v = {(u,v) p} lu,v [ + k  (f + )½ - k ½)] Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

  8. Adaptation to Existing Routing Protocols • Proactive Routing Protocols • Use new routing tables with Cu,v(link state protocols)or Cp(distance vector protocol)on nodes • Reactive Routing Protocols • Route discovery • Use Cu,v to determine the optimal among all outgoing links • Forward requests with piggybacked increment cost information along all paths, and the destination makes the final decision • Route maintenance • Changes trigger updates to neighbors • Location-based Routing Protocols • No need to record distance information Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

  9. Experimental Results • ns-2 simulator with wireless extension • Varied number of nodes (50 –200) • IEEE 802.11 radio • Modified vs original AODV • Total cost comparison AODV-orig AODV-cmod Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

  10. Conclusions • Ad hoc mobile wireless networks present great challenges to traditional routing algorithms • A cost model for ad hoc mobile wireless network proposed • Cost-based routing scheme is described • Cost efficient routing • Adaptive to existing routing protocols Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

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