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MICROQUASARS

MICROQUASARS. Five international workshops. Felix Mirabel European Southern Observatory. Chile. HIGH ENERGY SOURCES IN THE GALACTIC CENTRE. Mirabel, Rodriguez, et al, 1992. Wang et al. ApJ 2002. Chandra. Belanger, Goldwurm, Goldoni, ApJ 2003. INTEGRAL. Black Hole.

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MICROQUASARS

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  1. MICROQUASARS Five international workshops Felix Mirabel European Southern Observatory. Chile

  2. HIGH ENERGY SOURCES IN THE GALACTIC CENTRE Mirabel, Rodriguez, et al, 1992 Wang et al. ApJ 2002 Chandra Belanger, Goldwurm, Goldoni, ApJ 2003 INTEGRAL Black Hole

  3. QUASAR-MICROQUASAR ANALOGY Mirabel & Rodriguez (Nature 1998) QUASAR MICROQUASAR The scales of length and time are proportional to MBH Rsh = 2GMBH/c2 ; DT a MBH Unique system of equations: The maximum color temperature of the accretion disk is: Tcol a (M/ 10M)-1/4 (Shakura & Sunyaev, 1976) Waited era of space astronomy For a given accretion rate: LBol a MBH ; ljeta MBH ; j a MBH-1 ; B a MBH-1/2 (Sams, Eckart, Sunyaev, 96; Rees 04) APPARENT SUPERLUMINAL MOTIONS IN mQSOs AS IN QSOs ?

  4. SUPERLUMINAL EJECTION IN A mQSO Mirabel & Luis Rodriguez, 1994 THE PLASMA THAT RADIATES IN THE HARD X-RAYS IS BLOWN IN SUPERLUMINAL JETS VLA l3.6 cm 1 arcsec GRS 1915+105 Vapp > C for a DISTANCE > 8 Kpc

  5. WITH SAME BULK LORENTZ FACTORS AS IN QSOs Mirabel & Rodriguez, 1994 SUPERLUMINAL MOTIONS IN THE GALAXY • RELATIVISTIC ABERRATION IN ANTISYMMETRIC TWIN JETS • JETS ARE TWO-SIDED WHICH ALLOWS TO SOLVE EQUATIONS • MOVE ON THE PLANE OF THE SKY ~103 TIMES FASTER THAN AGN • AGN (e.g M87) BETTER TO COLLIMATION MECHANISM (Birreta, Livio…)

  6. DARK JETS FROM BLACK HOLESSS433 Margon et al. (1979 - 1984) Radio (Dubner et al); X-rays: (Brinkmann et al) SS433/W50 VLA l20cm 1o = 60 pc 1arcsec • ATOMIC NUCLEI MOVING AT 0.26c  • MECHANICAL LUMINOSITY > 1039 erg/sec • NON RADIATIVE JETS = “DARK” JETS • > 50% OF THE ENERGY IS NOT RADIATED

  7. LARGE-SCALE JETS IN CYGNUS X-1 Gallo, Fender et al. Nature 2005 Ring diameter = 5 pc > 50% OF THE RELEASED ENERGY IS NOT RADIATED LARGE-SCALE JETS IN GRS 1915+105 ? Rodriguez & Mirabel (2006) Hot spots at ~ 50 pc

  8. MOVING X-RAY JETS IN A mQSO mQSOs XTE J1550-564 & H1743-322 Corbel et al. Science 2002, 05 X-rays are produced by synchrotron  electrons accelerated to TeV energies

  9. DT a MBH ACCRETION–JET CONNECTION 1 hr = 30 yr in SgrA* Mirabel et al. (1998) ABSCENCE OF EVIDENCE FOR A MATERIAL SURFACE AROUND 14 Msun THE ONSET OF THE JET IS AT THE TIME OF A X-RAY “SPIKE”: SUDDEN REFILL OF THE DISK & SHOCK THROUGH COMPACT JET

  10. COMPACT STEADY JETS Ribo, Mirabel & Dhawan (2005) Mirabel et. al, 1998 2.0 cm 3.6 cm • ~100 AU IN LENGTH PRESENT DURING PLATEAU STATE • SPEED OF THE FLOW < 0.4c (Ribo, Mirabel & Dhawan 2005) • LARGE SCALE JETS ARE SHOCKS PROPAGATING AT ~0.98c • THROUGH THE SLOWER MOVING COMPACT JET • COMPACT JET USED TO MEASURE SPACE VELOCITIES

  11. HOW ARE BLACK HOLE BINARIES FORM ? THERE ARE THEORETICAL MODELS e.g. Fryer & Kalogera ; Woosley & Heger (2002) BUT FEW OBSERVATIONS ! • Mirabel & I. Rodrigues (2001-05): • use the kinematics of mQSOs to find out • BIRTH PLACE & NATURE OF THE PROGENITOR STARS • WHETHER THE PROGENITOR STAR ALWAYS EXPLODES AS AN ENERGETIC SUPERNOVA

  12. A BLACK HOLE IN THE GALACTIC HALO XTE J1118+480 MBH~7 M M*=0.1–0.5 M ; l=158o b=+62o ; D=1.9 kpc Orbit typical of globular clusters (Mirabel & Rodrigues, Nature 2001) but Solar abundances in the star imply that the black hole formed in a SN that polluted the donnor (astro-ph by Gonzalez et al. 2006) GALACTOCENTRIC ORBIT FOR THE LAST 230 Myrs Yellow: Sun White: BH binary WAS THIS BH FORMED IN THE HALO, THICK DISK OR IN THE GALACTIC THIN DISK BY A VIOLENT NATAL KICK ?

  13. A RUNAWAY BLACK HOLE A LIKELY FOSSIL OF A GRBs FORMED IN AN HYPER-NOVA (Israelian et al. Nature 2001) Mirabel, Irapuan Rodrigues et al. (A&A 395, 595, 2002) Proper motion with HST + radial velocity from ground RUNAWAY VELOCITY ~120 km/s MOMENTUM = 550 M km/s as in runaway neutron stars GRO J1655-40 MBH ~ 4 M ORBITS FOR THE LAST 230 Myrs Yellow: Sun White: BH binary LOW-MASS BLACK HOLE FORMED IN A LUMINOUS SUPERNOVA

  14. THE RUNAWAY HMXB LS 5039A VHE (> 100 GEV) sources detected with HESS (Aharonian, Science 2005) Paredes, Ribo et al. 2002 Ribo et al. 2002 V = 100-140 km/s; e~0.5; Mj = 2000-5000 Km/s M ; Mejected in SN = 5-15 M MX ~3.7 Msolar Mdonor ~ 23 Msolar e = 0.35 Casares et al. (2005)

  15. EJECTION OF A Be/XRB FROM A CLUSTER LSI +61 303: a VHE (>100 GEV) source detected with MAGIC(Gonzalez et al. 2006) Mirabel, I. Rodrigues & Lu (A&A, 2004) Massey et al. 1995 IC 1805 V ~ 27 km/s  < 2M were blown away.Linear momentum = 430 M km/s. IF MASSIVE STAR FORMATION IN THE PARENT CLUSTERS IS COEVAL: Low mass compact objects such as in LSI +61 303, the magnetar SGR 1806-20 (Fuchs et al. 1999) and a X-ray pulsar in Westerlund 1 (Muno et al. 2006)may have been formed from very massive progenitors (> 40 M )

  16. THE GALACTIC TRIP OF SCORPIUS X-1 The best determined XRB path (Mirabel & I. Rodrigues, 2003) GALACTOCENTRIC ORBIT FOR THE LAST 230 Myrs Yellow: Sun Blue: BH binary SCO X-1 FORMED IN A GLOBULAR CLUSTER OR GALACTIC BULGE

  17. THE ~10 M BLACK HOLE IN Cyg X-1 WAS BORN IN THE DARK Mirabel & I. Rodrigues, Science (2003) V < 9 +/- 2 km/s  < 1 M ejectedin SN Otherwise it would have been shot out from the parent association of massive stars MASSIVE STELLAR BH FORM PROMPTLY

  18. FORMATION OF THE BH IN GRS 1915+105 Black hole of 14 +/-4 M with a ~1 M donor (Greiner et al. 2002-3)VLBA astrometry during 7 yrs:6.8+/-0.2 mas/yr (Dhawan & Mirabel, 2005) Moves in the Galactic plane with Vb = 0 +/- 4 km/sec VBH = (33 to 70) +/- 12 km/s for D = 9 to 12 kpc) By dynamic diffusion velocity of old disk population is ~50 km/s THE BH WAS FORMED PROMPTLY IN THE DISK

  19. QSO - mQSO -GRB ANALOGY HAVE THE SAME 3 BASIC INGREEDIENTS (Mirabel & Rodriguez, Sky&Tel ( 2002) neutron star no ? no AN UNIVERSAL MAGNETO-HYDRODINAMIC MECHANISM FOR JETS ?

  20. SUMMARYMicroquasars have provided insight into: -THE PHYSICS OF RELATIVISTIC JETS FROM BH’s -THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ACCRETION & EJECTION -THE FORMATION OF BLACK HOLES AND NEUTRON STARS: Can stars of >40 Msolar end as neutron stars rather than BHs ? Do BHs of >10 Msolar form promptly rather than in bright SN ? • Microquasars could provide insight into: • A LARGE FRACTION OF ULXs IN NEARBY GALAXIES • GRBs OF LONG DURATION IN DISTANT GALAXIES

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