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MILITARY SIMULATIONS. Note: inclusion of particular simulation models in this discussion is based solely on the availability of information on the internet. No endorsement or preference is implied. VERY GENERAL TOPIC. Combat On the ground In the air Seconds to months
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MILITARY SIMULATIONS Note: inclusion of particular simulation models in this discussion is based solely on the availability of information on the internet. No endorsement or preference is implied.
VERY GENERAL TOPIC • Combat • On the ground • In the air • Seconds to months • Logistics network (supply distribution) • Personnel management • Financial flows • Medical care • Satellite surveillance • Water production • Political change • Economic growth • Document production
WARFARE MISSION FORCE ON FORCE PLATFORM SYSTEM/ENGINEERING Combat Simulation Model Pyramid CAMPAIGN Higher Resolution Models at Bottom
BASIC FUNCTIONS • Entities move on some defined motion space • Terrain and terrain feature modeling • 2D or 3D space • Network • Something even simpler • Entity as a point mass, shape, or more sophisticated • Entities detect one another • Bump into one another • Sensor modeled as a circle • Line of sight, signature propagation, antenna gain pattern • Tracking things you sense, sharing that knowledge • Opposing entities engage • Attrition over time • Individual salvos of weapons • Hits on the skin of the target
COSMOS • OBJECTIVE • PROVIDES A CAPABILITY TO ASSESS THE PERFORMANCE OF A WIDE VARIETY OF SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES • SCOPE • NATIONAL, THEATER, AND ORGANIC ASSETS • SENSORS, C4I ELEMENTS AND WEAPON SYSTEMS • SINGLE PLATFORM UP TO A LARGE SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS • SPACE, AIR, NAVAL, AND GROUND-BASED PLATFORMS • EXPLICITLY CONSIDERS • PLATFORM OPERATIONS • SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE • TARGET SIGNATURES AND BEHAVIORS • PROCESSING, EXPLOITATION AND DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION • COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORK INFORMATION FLOW
COSMOS • AREAS MODELED: • COMMUNICATION LINKS • C3 ARCHITECTURE • ISR COLLECTION SYSTEMS - SIGINT, IMINT, IR, EO, MTI • MULTI-SENSOR FUSION, TERRAIN MASKING • LINE OF SIGHT
EXTENDED AIR DEFENSE SIMULATION (EADSIM) • ANALYTICAL MODEL OF AIR WARFARE AND MISSILE DEFENSE • USED FOR SCENARIOS FROM FEW-ON-FEW TO MANY-ON-MANY • BALLISTIC AND AIR-BREATHING THREATS • SEA, LAND AND AIR TBMD SYSTEMS • MODELS COORDINATION AND INTERACTION AMONG SYSTEMS • DEVELOPED FOR US ARMY SPACE AND STRATEGIC DEFENSE COMMAND • EXTENSIVE OUTPUT INCLUDE INTERCEPT, LEAKER, TRACK HISTORY, AND INTERCEPT FLYOUT DATA
TACWAR AVENUE OF APPROACH (AXIS) RED FORCES (DIVISION OR BRIGADE LEVEL) USER-DEFINED SECTORS INLAND SECTOR CENTRAL SECTOR COASTAL SECTOR 0 50 100 150 • MOEs: • FORWARD EDGE OF THE BATTLE AREA (FEBA) MOVEMENT • TIME TO HALT THE INVASION • RED/BLUE LOSSES KM 200 250 300 350 400 COMBAT ENGAGEMENT ZONE (CEZ) 450 500 550 BLUE FORCES (DIVISION OR BRIGADE LEVEL)
BUILDUP OF USA AND USMC FORCES ASHORE OVER TIME THREAT FORCES MINE THREAT LOGISTICS SUPPORT OPERATIONS USAF AND USMC AIR OPERATIONS LAND-BASED AND SEA-BASED TBMD FORCES NAVAL FORCES LOCATION AND MOVEMENT GENERALIZED CAMPAIGN ANALYSIS MODEL (GCAM)
GCAM • INITIAL CONDITIONS • BLUE OOB, FORCE FLOW, AND CONOPS • PROGRAM OF RECORD, DPG SCENARIOS, MSFD, N816/IWAR REVIEW • THREAT OOB AND CONOPS • DIA AND ONI INTEL ESTIMATES, DPG SCENARIOS, MSFD • PLATFORM/SYSTEM PERFORMANCE • WARFARE CENTER AND IN-HOUSE DATABASES AND MODELING RESULTS • WEAPONS PERFORMANCE • NUWC MODELING RESULTS • ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS • NAVY ACOUSTIC DATABASES AND MODELS • SCENARIO-SPECIFIC MARITIME CAMPAIGN MODEL - APPLICATION OF GCAM
FORCE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS TOOL (FORSAT) GLOBAL NAVAL FORCES STATUS MULTIPLE CRISES
THUNDER INTERCEPT WEAPON RELEASE Flight Group Join-up EGRESS Take Off TARGETS FLOT Models aircraft sorties for air-to-air and ground attack, models the target as a point, includes air command and control, weapons, timing.
Satellite Tool Kit (STK) models surveillance of the air and ground (optical, signals, signatures) using physics-based models of propagation.
OneSAF • Army simulation • Entities are individual combatants (tanks, trucks, soldiers) • SAF = Semi-autonomous Force
FEDERATION Management Operation System Management System Operation Data Models Models Communications Data Communications Management System Operation Models Data Communications Interoperability establishes ‘fair fight’ & seamless simulation.