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Chp 3 Matter

Chp 3 Matter. Substance (pure substance) – uniform and unchanging composition. Examples: Counterexamples:. I. Properties. Physical: can be observed w/o changing composition of matter Intensive – properties of material itself Extensive – properties of your sample only. Classify.

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Chp 3 Matter

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  1. Chp 3 Matter

  2. Substance (pure substance) – uniform and unchanging composition • Examples: • Counterexamples:

  3. I. Properties • Physical: can be observed w/o changing composition of matter • Intensive – properties of material itself • Extensive – properties of your sample only

  4. Classify • Identify each as an intensive or extensive property for a sample of gold. • Yellow___ • Mass = 45g ____ • Density = 19.3g/cm3 ____ • Lusterous ____ • 25oC ____ • Melting point = 1100oC ____ • 14cm long ____ • Malleable ____ • Odorless ____ • Solid at room temp ____

  5. Chemical - describes how a type of matter interacts with another type of matter. • Examples • Iron rusting • Silver tarnishing • Wood burning • Gold does not oxidize • Alcohol is flammable • Milk spoils • Vinegar reacts with baking soda to for CO2 gas

  6. II. Changes • Physical changes – a change that a sample undergoes that does not change the composition • Chemical – a new substance is formed • Evidence of chemical change • Energy exchange • Unexplained color change • Gas given off • Formation of a precipitate • When original conditions don’t bring back original substance

  7. Classify as phys or chem change • Rotting____ • Burning ___ • Melting ___ • Dissolving ____ • Digesting____ • Cooking____ • Crushing___ • Fermenting___

  8. In all phys and chem changes, mass reactants = mass products. (Law of Conservation of Mass)

  9. III. Classification of Matter • A. Mixtures – 2 or more substances mixed in no fixed ratio w/ each sub retaining its own properties • Heterogeneous – different components in mixture can be observed. Composition is not uniform. • Examples: • Homogeneous – components can’t be observed; Composition is uniform. Examples:

  10. Separating Mixtures • Filtration • Crystallization • Chromatography • Distillation

  11. B. Elements • One type of atom • Can’t be separated by chemical or physical means • 88 naturally occurring and common • Have a symbol on the periodic chart

  12. C. Compounds • 2 or more elements combined in a fixed ratio • Chemical formula • Properties unlike those of elements it contains • 10,000,000 known with 100,000 new discovered every year • Can be broken down through chem change.

  13. Law of Definite Proportions • All samples of a compound always have the same % composition. • % by mass=(mass element/mass compound)x100 • See p. 76 # 20-23

  14. Law of Multiple Proportions • The same elements can form different compounds with different % compositions. • Ratio of ratios is a whole #. • Consider A and B

  15. If A is H2O, what is B?

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