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How Science Affects People’s Lives

How Science Affects People’s Lives. Economic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness and Globalization Information Technology Integrated Circuits – Computers. How Science Affects People’s Lives. Economic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness and Globalization Information Technology

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How Science Affects People’s Lives

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  1. How Science Affects People’s Lives • Economic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness and Globalization • Information Technology • Integrated Circuits – Computers

  2. How Science Affects People’s Lives • Economic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness and Globalization • Information Technology • Integrated Circuits -- Computers • The Internet • The World Wide Web • Wireless Communication • GPS

  3. How Science Affects People’s Lives • Economic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness and Globalization • Information Technology • Integrated Circuits -- Computers • The Internet • The World Wide Web • Wireless Communication • GPS • Photonics • Lasers

  4. How Science Affects People’s Lives • Economic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness and Globalization • Information Technology • Integrated Circuits -- Computers • The Internet • The World Wide Web • Wireless Communication • GPS • Photonics • Lasers • Light Emitting Diodes • Plasmas • Materials • Carbon Fibers • Plastics and Resins

  5. How Science Affects People’s Lives • Energy and the Environment • Energy • Capacity to do work (W=F·s) • Units • Distance, s (m) • Force: Mass x Acceleration, F=ma: Newton (kg·m/s2) • Work or Energy • Joule = kg·m2/s2 • Calorie (Amt of heat needed to raise 1 g water 1 deg C) 1 Cal = 4.184 J • BTU (Amt of heat needed to raise 1 lb water 1 deg F) 1 BTU = 1054 J • 1 kWh = 3.6x106 J • 1 Quad = 1015 BTU

  6. Energy trends and technologies in the coming decades Steven E. Koonin Chief Scientist, BP plc Aspen Center for Physics Energy Forum July 10, 2006 “Physicist’s view” = first-principles, quantitative, analytic, descriptive

  7. key drivers of the energy future Demand Growth Supply Challenges Technology Security of Supply Environmental Constraints

  8. Energy use grows with economic development energy demand and GDP per capita (1980-2002) US Australia France Russia S. Korea UK Japan Ireland Greece Malaysia Mexico China Brazil India • Source: UN and DOE EIA

  9. energy demand – growth projections Global energy demand is set to grow by over 60% over the next 30 years – 74% of the growth is anticipated to be from non-OECD countries Global Energy Demand Growth by Region (1971-2030) Energy Demand (Mtoe) Notes: 1. OECD refers to North America, W. Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia and NZ 2. Transition Economies refers to FSU and Eastern European nations 3. Developing Countries is all other nations including China, India etc. Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2004

  10. US energy supply since 1850 Source: EIA

  11. current and historical global energy mix Current global energy supply is dominated by fossil fuels – oil has been the largest component of the energy mix for many decades; gas has grown strongly since the 1970’s; coal has been growing in the last four years; hydro is constant and nuclear has plateaued Source: BP Statistical Review

  12. FSU Gas Europe North America Resource Potential (bnboe) Resource Potential (bnboe) Oil Gas Coal Middle East AsiaPacific Oil Gas Coal Resource Potential (bnboe) Africa Resource Potential (bnboe) South America Oil Oil Oil Oil Gas Gas Gas Gas Coal Coal Coal Coal Oil Gas Coal Key: - unconventional oil - conventional oil - coal - gas significant hydrocarbon resource potential Oil, Gas and Coal Resources by Region (bnboe) Resource Potential (bnboe) Resource Potential (bnboe) Resource Potential (bnboe) Source: BP Data

  13. Some energy technologies • Primary Energy Sources: • Light Crude • Heavy Oil • Tar Sands • Wet gas • CBM • Tight gas • Nuclear • Coal • Solar • Wind • Biomass • Hydro • Geothermal • Extraction & Conversion Technologies: • Exploration • Deeper water • Arctic • LNG • Refining • Differentiated fuels • Advantaged chemicals • Gasification • Syngas conversion • Power generation • Photovoltaics • Bio-enzyimatics • H2 production & distribution • CO2 capture & storage • End Use Technologies: • ICEs • Adv. Batteries • Hybridisation • Fuel cells • Hydrogen storage • Gas turbines • Building efficiency • Urban infrastructure • Systems design • Other efficiency technologies • Appliances • Retail technologies

  14. Assignment for 09/16/09 The last slide contains a list of primary energy sources, extraction and conversion technologies and end use technologies. A new book on energy is about to be published, which covers all of these subjects. As an assistant editor you have been tasked to help write the blurb for the book jacket. Your job is to provide the editor with approximately 300 words on each of two subtopics that appear in the lists. The editor will select two of them to highlight for the book jacket. You may select any two subtopics: you may choose all of them from one category, or you may mix them.

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