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Ch. 10—Agriculture

Ch. 10—Agriculture . KI 1: Where did agriculture originate?. Basics of Agriculture . About half the people in LDCs are farmers Growing food to feed themselves 97% of world’s farmers live in LDCs 2% of people in United States are farmers. Origins of Agriculture.

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Ch. 10—Agriculture

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  1. Ch. 10—Agriculture KI 1: Where did agriculture originate?

  2. Basics of Agriculture • About half the people in LDCs are farmers • Growing food to feed themselves • 97% of world’s farmers live in LDCs • 2% of people in United States are farmers

  3. Origins of Agriculture • Agriculture—deliberate modification of Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain • Originated with domestication of plants and animals • Cultivate means “to care for” • Crop—any plant cultivated by people • Before agriculture  Hunters and Gatherers • Small societies, traveled frequently • Men hunted, women gathered—archaeological evidence • Today about 250,000 people are Hunter Gatherers… 0.005% of world population—Australia, India’s Andaman Islands, Bushmen of Namibia and Botswana

  4. Invention of Agriculture • Multiple hearths • Southwest Asia • Barley and Wheat 10,000 years ago • East Asia • Rice 10,000 years ago • Mexico • Beans, cotton 5,000 years ago • Peru • Potatoes 4-5,000 years ago • Origins of agriculture due to combination of cultural and environmental factors

  5. Pg. 310

  6. Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture • Subsistence Agriculture—LDCs—the production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family • Commercial Agriculture—MDCs—the production of food primarily for sale off the farm • DerwentWhittlesey (1936) created map of world agricultural regions • 11 regions divided by MDCs and LDCs • Pg. 312

  7. Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture • 5 distinguishing features: • Purpose of Farming • LDCs—food for own consumption • MDCs—$$$$ • Percentage of Farmers in the Labor Force • MDCs—about 5% of workers (number of farmers declined dramatically during 20th century) • LDCs—about 50% of workers

  8. Ct’d • Use of Machinery • MDCs—small number of farmers feed many people because use machinery (late 18th century developed all-iron plow, Transportation improvements, scientific improvements, etc.) • LDCs—most work with hand tools and animal power • Farm Size • MDCs—very large farms (consequence of mechanization), some states are losing prime agricultural land to urban area expansion • LDCs—much smaller, usually personal plots • Relationship of Farming to Other Businesses • MDCs—agribusiness: commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations • LDCs—lack of large corporations prevents agribusiness on any large scale

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