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Ores & Producing Iron

Ores & Producing Iron. Today’s Lesson. Recap Ores Producing Iron Information & Q’s Finish Removing Metals from Ores Activity. Metals in the Ground. It might be hard to believe, but oxygen (O) and Silicon (Si) make up around 73% of all elements found in the earth or ground.

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Ores & Producing Iron

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  1. Ores & Producing Iron

  2. Today’s Lesson • Recap Ores • Producing Iron Information & Q’s • Finish Removing Metals from Ores Activity

  3. Metals in the Ground • It might be hard to believe, but oxygen (O) and Silicon (Si) make up around 73% of all elements found in the earth or ground. • That means there is not that much left for the 100 or so other elements found on earth. • Many metals, such as Zn, Cu, Ag, Au, Pb, Pl, Hg, Sn, Cr etc are actually quite scarce and are found in very small amounts

  4. Different Ores • An ore is a rock that normally includes a specific amount of a metal that we want for a specific purpose. • Once an ore is found, the metal needs to be removed from the rock itself which requires a lot of energy • Low grade ores are ores with more metal in them than normal, but are uneconomic to mine at the moment

  5. Ore Names!! • Bauxite contains Aluminium • Cassiterite contains Tin • Chalcocite contains Copper • Chalcopyrite contains Copper • Chromite contains Chromium • Cinnabar contains Mercury • Galena contains Lead • Sphalerite contains Lead • Uranitite contains Uranium

  6. Extracting Metal from Ores • Metals can be removed in different ways. These include: • Native metals being removed from other rocks such as Gold from Quartz • Removing Oxygen from the Ore through reduction • Extracting through Electrolysis (Electricity) • Other methods we will learn about soon (but not in IGCSE!!)

  7. Tables & Ores • Notice the table on Page 77, there is a pattern which is quite normal in Science. • The more reactive the metal, the more difficult it is to remove the metal in elemental form. This is why Sodium and Potassium in elemental form are expensive!! • There is also a general trend in cost. The more reactive the metal, the more expensive to extract it from the ore.

  8. OIL RIG • Remember this OIL RIG • OIL is Oxidation is Loss of Electrons • RIG is Reduction is Gain of Electrons • If a metal gains oxygen, electrons are lost or it’s been oxidized. • If a metal loses oxygen, electrons are gained and it’s been reduced. • Redox reactions is when they both occur in the same reaction. You will learn a lot about this next year – not this year.

  9. Extracting Iron • The following section will be important for the IGCSE. • On Page 80 is a picture of a blast furnace, it’s where iron ore (normally hematite or magnetite) is turned into Iron metal. • There are 3 main ingredients: Iron Ore (Fe2O3 or Fe3O4), Coke (made from Coal – is pure Carbon) and Limestone (CaCO3) which comes from broken down pieces of shells and coral.

  10. Continued • Part 1 – Coke is burned to give off heat. This is an exothermic reaction and produces Carbon Dioxide. • Part 2 – Carbon Monoxide is made. Carbon and Carbon Dioxide will make Carbon Monoxide. This is reactive. It’s also an endothermic reaction which means it takes in heat.

  11. Continued • Part 3 – Iron (III) Oxide is reduced. The Iron and Carbon Monoxide makes Iron and Carbon Dioxide. This is a Redox reaction. The Iron Oxide is reduced, while the Carbon Dioxide is oxidized. • Part 4 – Limestone Reaction. Limestone is added to Silica to make Slag and Carbon Dioxide. This reaction is needed to neutralize the reaction – without it the production of Iron metal would stop.

  12. Continued & Questions • Part 5 – Waste Gas. The waste gas (mainly Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen) comes out the top of the furnace. Furnace owners need to be careful that Carbon Monoxide is not released is it can easily make an animal suffocate. • Questions. Read Page 80-81 in book and answer Q 1-7 • Removing Metals from Ore Questions are due on Tuesday…

  13. Removing Metals from Ores • First Choose an Ore from Below: • Bauxite Al2O3 • Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 • Chromite Fe or MgCr2O4 • Galena PbS • Hematite Fe2O3 • Magnetite Fe3O4 • SphaleriteZnS • UraniniteUO2

  14. Answer Following Questions • Using the internet for research – answer the following questions. Not all answers can be found easily: • What is the metal extracted from your ore • How is your metal extracted or removed from your ore? Explain. • What conditions are needed for the rock to form so there is enough of the metal in the ore? • Name some of the major mines that this ore can be found. • How much of the metal is needed for the ore to be economic? • What are some of the environmental impacts or issues associated with extracting the metal from your ore? • What are the major uses for your metal? • How does the mine dispose of the slurry or left over ore?

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