毒物分析 Drugs of Abuse

毒物分析 Drugs of Abuse 授課教師：賴滄海教授 04-15-2010

濫用藥物 • 指非以醫療為目的，在不經醫師處方或指示情況下，過量或經常使用某種藥物，故傷害個人健康及社會安寧秩序之藥物。

毒品 • 毒品，指具成癮性、濫用性及對社會危害性之麻醉藥品與其製品，及影響精神物質與其製品。～毒品危害防治條例～

Stimulants • Cocaine，Crack • Amphetamine / Methamphetamine，Diet pills • Caffeine • Tobacco Tobacco

Depressants A) Opiates Opium、Morphine、Heroine、Codeine、 Dilaudid、Percodan、Pentazocin、Meperidin、 Darvon、Talwin B) Sedative-Hypnotics Barbiturates：Amobarbital、Secobarbital、Phenobarbital Benzodiazepine：Valium、Xanax、 Flunitrazepam Quaaludes、Doriden、Placidyl、Miltown C) Alcohol

Hallucinogens • LSD • PCP • Marijuana • Psilocybin (Mushroom) • MDMA/MDA • Mescaline (Peyote cactus) • Ketamine

Inhalants and Others • Nitrous Oxidex • Volatile Nitrite • Organic Solvents

Amphetamine

Metabolism of Amphetamine

Cocaine

Pure cocaine hydrochloride is a white fluffy power with a snowlike appearance. • Flower of the Erythroxylon coca shrub. • Leaf of the coca plant from which cocaine is derived.

The leaves from the coca plants, in fields such as this, are harvested two or three times a year and used to produce coca paste. • Baskets such as these are filled with coca leaves during the harvest.

Jungle maceration pit used for leaching coca leaves to extract the cocaine. • These vials contain crack, which is a form of cocaine that has been prepared for smoking.

Opioids Table1. Mode of Action and Metabolism of opioids

Table 2. Therapeutic uses, dose, and effectiveness of opioids

Opium-dried latex from poppy, often in lumps. Can also be dripped on tobacco for smoking

Barbitarates

Benzodiazepines

Alcohol

Marijuana

Thai sticks. • Hashish, such as that shown here, contains the purest form of resin and a THC content of 7 %. • Oil extracted from hashish contains the hallucinogenic compound THC.

PCP • PCP is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water or alcohol. • It has a distinctive bitter chemical taste. • PCP is normally used in one of three ways: snorted, smoked, or eaten. • For smoking, PCP is often applied to a leafy material such as mint, parsley, oregano, or marijuana.

Ketamine

LSD LSD comes in liquid form and is applied to paper or pills and swallowed.

Mescaline

Psilocybin

Mescaline is the most active hallucinogenic substance in a peyote cactus such as this. • Mushrooms similar to this psilocybe mexicana have been used more than 2000 years by natives in Central America for their hallucinogenic properties.

毒物分析 Drugs of Abuse