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By Rawiri Waretini-Karena PhD Candidate: Te Whare Wananga o Awanui-ā-rangi

Māori Experiences of Historical Trauma & Transformative Pedagogies Ngarimu & 28 th Māori Battalion presentation. By Rawiri Waretini-Karena PhD Candidate: Te Whare Wananga o Awanui-ā-rangi. Trauma definition:.

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By Rawiri Waretini-Karena PhD Candidate: Te Whare Wananga o Awanui-ā-rangi

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  1. Māori Experiences of Historical Trauma & Transformative PedagogiesNgarimu& 28th Māori Battalion presentation By Rawiri Waretini-Karena PhD Candidate: Te Whare Wananga o Awanui-ā-rangi

  2. Trauma definition: “Defined as a series of events perpetrated on a group of people and their environment with intent to systematically eradicate them " (Walters, K, 2012).

  3. Agreement: Sovereignty Governor Customary Native title Rights of British people Tangata Whenua Worldview Tangata Tiriti Worldview Shared Space Te Tiriti O Waitangi 1840 –foundation: He Whakaputanga 1835 Trade & technology Lands designated for Maori Land & resources Customs, beliefs, culture (Treaty education, 2006)

  4. Personal context Contextualizing impacts of Te Tiriti o Waitangi violations • Institutional context • Societal context • Historical context. (Karena, R, D,W, 2012)

  5. Front middle three: NZ Prime Minister Richard Sedden, Māori King Mahuta, Te Nahu Te Kuri Waretini Wetini 1892

  6. Symptoms of Intergenerational Trauma Great Grand Father Great Grand Mother Key Death Grand Father Grand Mother Violence Father Mother Prison Alcohol Elder sister Elder brother War Younger brother

  7. Quote: • The native idea of historical trauma involves the understanding that the trauma occurred in the spirit or soul… ( Duran, E, 2006, p.7). Rawiri & Dr Eduardo Duran 2012

  8. Quote: • “Epigenetic research has discovered that at a cellular level, stress from one generation can be carried to the next generation (Walters, K, 2012). Rawiri & Dr Karina Walters

  9. Stress coping model Historical Intergenerational Trauma Substance abuse Coping Stress Socio-cultural influences CULTURAL BUFFERS Cultural identity Ethnic pride Family-Whanau systems Socio- Environmental Influences Alcohol & or Dug abuse Socio-Economic Influences By Walters, K & Simoni, 2002)

  10. He Kākano Āhau: A Framework for working with Trauma Survivors- from Trauma to Recovery Tuakiri o te Tangata Hauora Oranga Outcomes Te Whare Tapa Wha Māori Ethics Ethical Practice Pūrakau Model Preferred story & strategies for wellness Poutama: Framework Pōwhiri Poutama Tikanga Ethical Value Whakaoranga Support Networks Āria: Theory Kaupapa Māori worldview Guiding Principles Whakatangitangi/ Whakaratarata Protection & safety plan Whakapuaki Rauemi: Process Te Whiuwhiu o te Hau Māori counselling session Whakatau Tukanga: Structure He kākanoāhauIruiamaii Rangiātea1And I can never belostI am aseed, born ofgreatness Descended from a line of chiefs, (Karena, R,D,W, 2012)

  11. Pōwhiri Poutama framework: Whakaotinga Effective closure Whakaoranga To implement action plan Whakaratarata To develop action plan & strategies Whakatangitangi To shed tears/ to bring fourth maemae Whakapuaki Establish issues Mihi Whakatau Establish Relations Whakamoemiti Spiritual/Mental Preparations By ParaireHuata

  12. Dehumanization of the sacredness of the human spirit • = From tapu- or sacred To noa- or desecration

  13. Pūrakau Model: Elkington, J.(2001)

  14. Application of Pūrakau Model: 0 15 15 25 25 50 50 65 65 Till death Tiaki Taraia Tino Rangatira tanga Arotakenga Whanau whanui Pūrakau Model: = Spaces of time in ones life = The fractured Wairua

  15. Wairua Spirit Hinengaro Thoughts Hollow Misery esteem Apprehension Emotional Broken spirit self Low trauma Flashbacks Insignificant Fear Feel worthless Despair Contempt Powerless Depression Anxiety Shock Shock Anger Fracture Shock Violent Shock Feel dirty Feel violated Shame Isolate self Unloved Whakama Feel ugly Alone Scorned toxic Fear of being touched Can’t communicate with others Non-trusting Humiliation Tinana Physical Whanau Environment

  16. Coloured perceptions due to trauma

  17. Quote: • Spiritual problems need spiritual solutions (Duran, 2012).

  18. Iho Matua In what way do you connect to others? Mana How would you describe your worth as a person? Mauri What is your understanding of your own life essence? Waihanga What talents/coping strategies have you fostered to deal with the issue? Wehi How would you describe yourself when compared to your peers? Tapu What does the word sacred mean to you? Ihi Tell me a little about your personality? Noa What is it that you do to fit in with society? Hinengaro How do you cope in terms of processing information when feeling overwhelmed? Pumanawa What traits, skills have you genetically inherited that have enabled you to respond to the issue? Ngakau Emotionally, how has this experience impacted? Whatumanawa What is it that you hold most dear to you? (Manawaiti & Mataira, 1981)

  19. He Kakano framework overview Track back to original source Set parameters in the future Unpack issue; examine, explore, analyze impacts & ramifications, identify preferred story & strategies

  20. Transforming the issue - + = He kākanoāhauIruiamaii Rangiātea1And I can never belostI am aseed, born ofgreatness Descended from a line of chiefs, He kākanoāhau Whakamana

  21. Transforming Pedagogy Having limited knowledge Gaining knowledge 1 2 Transformingself, family, community Becoming more pro-active with indigenous issues 5 3 Impact of learning about Ancestors 4 Reclaiming indigenous position Karena, R, D,W, 2012)

  22. Transforming community Karena, R, D,W, 2012)

  23. Indicators for Māori • Incorporate Māori traditional healing approaches into counselling interventions • Implement an intergenerational transfer based on a positive position at hapu and iwi level • Take charge of our historical, present and future wellbeing. • Link into international Indigenous networks to become transformative across the global Indigenous world.

  24. Reference Duran, E.(2012).Historical Trauma Presentation. Department of Education, University of Auckland. Auckland New Zealand. Duran, E. (2006). Healing the soul wound: Counseling with American Indians and other Native Peoples. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Karena, D,W.(2012). Takitoru; from parallel to partnership. Retrieved November 20 2012 from: http://www.journal.mai.ac.nz/content/takitoru-parallel-partnership Treaty Educations for migrant groups. (2006). Tangata Tiriti- Treaty People: An interactive workbook on the Treaty of Waitangi. Auckland: New Zealand. Auckland Workers Educational Association. Walters, K. .(2012). Historical Trauma Presentation. Department of Education, University of Auckland. Auckland New Zealand. Walters, K. (2012). Embodiment of historical trauma and micro-aggression distress.[Motion picture]. Retrieved March 28 2012 from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzPNWTD56S8

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