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ISAIAH

ISAIAH. PROPHET OF JUDGMENT AND HOPE messenger of salvation. ISAIAH: PROPHET OF JUDGMENT AND HOPE. Born in Judah 8 th Century BC Died in 7 th Century (BC 680 BC) Honored in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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ISAIAH

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  1. ISAIAH PROPHET OF JUDGMENT AND HOPE messenger of salvation

  2. ISAIAH: PROPHET OF JUDGMENT AND HOPE • Born in Judah 8th Century BC • Died in 7th Century (BC 680 BC) • Honored in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam • Prophesied during the reigns of Uzziah (or Azariah), Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah; the kings of Judah. • Prophesied for as long as 64 years.

  3. Isaiah the Prophet • Son of Amoz = strong (2 Kings 19:2, 20; 20:1; Isaiah 1:1; 2:1) • Related to the royal family, perhaps king Manasseh by whom he was believed to be sawn in half after being placed in a hollow tree trunk. • He might have been 70 or 80 at the time of his death (680 BC) • Would have ministered for at least 60 years in a effort to bring the nation of Israel back to God.

  4. Thoughts for Reflection • It took great courage to accept the call of prophet. • As God’s spokesperson, the people and their leaders must be confronted. Isaiah’s message was scathing and direct, and although he was well-respected, he eventually became unpopular because his words were so harsh and unpleasant for people to hear. • As is typical for a prophet, , Isaiah’s life was one of great personal sacrifice. Yet the prophet’s reward was the tremendous privilege of communicating face-to-face with God – and being so close to Him that God shared his heart with Isaiah and spoke through Isaiah’s mouth.

  5. ISAIAH: PROPHET OF JUDGMENT AND HOPEIsaiah means “salvation of the Lord” “or the Lord is salvation”. Judgment Hope Inequity would be removed by the promised Messiah. God would establish the golden age, a time of peace and prosperity the world had never known. When the holy God made the remnant holy, he would use them to rule over the nations rather than allow the nations to discipline them again. • A purging of the nation’s sinfulness. • God used the pagan nations to chasten Israel for its sins and inequity. • The judgment of captivity would punish their sinfulness and destroy the wicked unbelievers.

  6. Historical Background • Isaiah’s ministry spanned the period from his call vision (740 BC) until the years of Hezekiah (716-687) or the early years of Manasseh (687-642). The prophet lived through the reigns of the Judean kings Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, and perhaps the first years of Manasseh. He was contemporary with the last five kings of Israel: Menahem, Pekahiah, Pekah, and Hosea. The tragic fall of Samaria to the Assyrian King Sargon II in 722 BC occurred during Isaiah’s ministry. • In northwest Mesopotamia, the energetic monarch Tiglath-pileser III (745-727) founded the mighty Assyrian Empire. His successors were Shalmaneser V (726-722), Sargon II (721-705), Sennacherib (704-681); and Esarhaddon (680-669). With Asshurbanipal (668-627) the empire began to crumble and ultimately fell to the Babylonians in (612-609) under the command of Nabopolassar (625-585).

  7. Historical Background (cont.d) • During this same period Egypt experienced a resurgence of power in the 25th Dynasty (about 716-663 BC) and influenced the petty states of Palestine-Syria, Philistia, Moab, Edom, Ammon, Arabia, Tyre, Israel, and Judah to overcome Assyria. Instead Assyria conquered these states or made them pay tribute. • This series of events stimulated strong feelings of nationalism and political and economic frustration which resulted in angry rebellion, duplicity, and a world of intrigue. • It was into this state of affairs that Isaiah exercised his prophetic ministry.

  8. The Book of Isaiah • The collection of its prophesy fits the progression of Israel over time. • The setting of the first half of the book (Chapters 1-39) is Judah (southern Kingdom) in the days of the Assyrian crisis and the historic interlude before the Babylonian captivity (which began 100 years after the death of Isaiah), while the setting of the second half is Babylon, then Jerusalem again, and then beyond in the age to come. • The setting of the second half of the book looks in general to a future time and declares the message of comfort and hope for the exiles of Judah, as well as the descriptions of the restoration to Jerusalem.

  9. The Book of Isaiah • The emphasis of the first half of the book (1st Isaiah) is addressed to calling the pre-exilic Nation of Israel- specifically Judah and the people of Jerusalem, to repentance. • The emphasis of the second half of the book (2nd Isaiah) is addressed to the Nation of Israel during the exile and at their return. • In both parts, the prophesies often look toward the distant future (the coming of Messiah and the second coming at the end times) for their main meaning and application. • The Book of Isaiah gives sufficient evidence that the prophet knew international affairs. The prophet Isaiah was certainly inspired by God who revealed to him that Babylon would take Judea into captivity, and that a Persian king (Cyrus) would allow them to come back.

  10. Points of Interest: • Isaiah is divided into 66 Chapters, paralleling the division of the Bible into 66 books. • The first 39 chapters contain strong themes of God’s judgment, resembling the 39 OT Books. • The last 27 chapters of Isaiah focus on comfort and the coming of the Messiah, bearing a likeness to the themes of the NT. • The NT quotes Isaiah 66 times, surpassed only by the Psalms.

  11. Key Characters • Isaiah and his two sons, Shear Jashub and Maher-Shalal-Hash-Bez. • Isaiah’s sons echoed the prophetic message of salvation as well in the meaning of their names. • Shear-Jashub means “a remnant will return”. • Maher-Shalal-Hash-Bez means “quick to the plunder, swift to the spoil”.

  12. Key verses: • Isaiah 6:8 Then I heard the voice of the Lord saying, “Whom shall I send? And who will go for us?” And he said, “Here am I. Send me!”(NIV) • Isaiah 53:5 But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our inequities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed. (NIV)

  13. Outline of the Book of Isaiah • Judgment-Isaiah 1:1-39:8 • The transgression of Judah and Israel. • Judgment against the surrounding nations. • The purpose of God’s judgment. Jerusalem’s true and false hope. • Hezekiah’s reign. • Hope – Isaiah 40:1–66:24 • Israel’s release from captivity. • The future Messiah • The future kingdom.

  14. Themes in the Book of Isaiah • Salvation is the overarching theme. • Other themes include; judgment, holiness, punishment, captivity, the fall of the nation, comfort, hope, and salvation through the coming Messiah.

  15. Where are these themes in Isaiah found? • The first 39 books contain very strong messages of judgment against Judah and a call to repentance and holiness. The people exhibited an outward form of Godliness, but their hearts had become corrupted. God warned them through Isaiah, to come clean and purify themselves, but they ignored his message. Isaiah predicted the demise and captivity of Judah, yet comforted them with this hope: God has promised to provide a redeemer. • The last 27 chapters contain God’s message of forgiveness, consolation, and hope, as God speaks through Isaiah, revealing his plan of blessing and salvation through the coming Messiah.

  16. I. God knows his people’s sins but calls them back to himself(Isaiah 1:1-12:6) • A. Though your sins are many, forgiveness is possible (1:1-5:30). • B. People need God, but God also needs us to call his people (6:1-13). • C. National leaders may refuse God’s help. (7:1-8:15). • D. Waiting for God to act is part of serving Him (8:16-22). • E. With God the future is bright (9:1-7). • F. Fallen nations teach lessons (9:8-10:4). • G. Pride destroys individuals and nations (10:5-19). • H. God can do His work with a righteous few (10:20-23).

  17. I. God knows his people’s sins but calls them back to himself (cont’d). • I. Faith in God conquers fear of all else (10:24-34). • J. An ideal age is a human dream, but a divine accomplishment (11:1-16). • K. Anytime is the right time for thanksgiving (12:1-6).

  18. II. God’s Sovereignty Extends to All Nations Whether Acknowledged or Not (Isaiah 13:1-23:18) • A. God’s judgment is real (13:1-21:17). • B. God’s judgment is impartial (22:1-23:18).

  19. III. God’s Triumph Over Evil Means Deliverance For His People (24:1-27:13). • A. God’s judgment time is a time of mourning and singing (24:1-23). • B. God’s judgment time is a time of thanksgiving (25:1-12). • C. God’s judgment time is a time of victory (26:1-27:13).

  20. IV. God’s People Must Be Different (Isaiah 28:1-39:8) • A. Tragedy strikes when leaders fail (28:1-29:4). • B. The power of God overshadows the power of nations (30:1-35:10). • C. A triumphant faith is a faith that will not let go (36:1-39:8).

  21. V. God’s Word For His Confused People (Isaiah 40:1-55:13) • A. God comes to His people when judgment has passed (40:1-31). • B. God holds His people by the hand (41:1-29). • C. Send the light of truth to those in darkness (42:1-25). • D. God alone is savior of His people (43:1-28). • E. Homemade gods can never save (44:1-28). • F. God may use an unbeliever (45:1-25). • G. False gods make life’s load heavier (46:1-13). • H. Ruin follows wickedness as night follows day (47:1-15).

  22. V. God’s Word For His Confused People (cont’d) • I. Let the redeemed of the Lord proclaim it (48:1-52:15). • J. Healing comes to many through the suffering of One (53:1-12). • K. God keeps His promises (54:1-17). • L. God’s finest invitation (55:1-13).

  23. VI. God’s Word to His Imperfect People (Isaiah 56:1-66:24) • A. Salvation is for all people (56:1-12). • B. Idolatry is an ever present temptation (57:1-21). • C. Worship and right living are inseparable (58:1-14). • D. Repentance brings reconciliation with God (59:1-21). • E. Light from God brings life (60:1-62:12). • F. Prayer brings God’s help (63:1-65:25). • G. Judgment and deliverance are rights of God alone (66:1-24).

  24. A Footnote: • When prophets spoke, they spoke the Word of the LORD. But they had to pass the two tests laid down in the Law (Deuteronomy 13 and 18) First, their pronouncements had to harmonize with the Torah. Deuteronomy 13 says even if they came with signs and wonders, if their words did not harmonize with the Torah, they were to be removed. Deuteronomy 18 says that what they predicted had to come to pass. This is the second test. Even if some of the predictions lay off in the future, there were enough predictions from them that were current and therefore authenticating. • It should be stated, though, that the true prophets often declared the Word of the Lord in peril of their lives. Jesus lamented that Jerusalem had slain the prophets. And, of course, He would be numbered among them. God alone is Savior, Ruler, and King.

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