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The Roman Empire

The Roman Empire. Effects of the Punic Wars. Latifundias: ESTATES or RANCHES . Cheap/Free labor = Large Profits Left a large amount of unemployed WORKERS . Proletariate: Large amount of unemployed WORKERS who moved to ROME after becoming HOMELESS from the large latifundias.

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The Roman Empire

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  1. The Roman Empire

  2. Effects of the Punic Wars • Latifundias: • ESTATES or RANCHES. • Cheap/Free labor = Large Profits • Left a large amount of unemployed WORKERS. • Proletariate: • Large amount of unemployed WORKERS who moved to ROME after becoming HOMELESS from the large latifundias.

  3. The Republic Collapses • Economic Turmoil: • RICH & POOR GAP grew bigger as the Roman REPUBLIC grew bigger. • Farmers, (former SOLDIERS), lose their LAND to large SLAVE OWNING estates (Latifundias) • Become HOMELESS

  4. The Republic Collapses • Homeless form ranks of the URBAN POOR in ROME. • ¼ of population of Roman society.

  5. The Republic Collapses • Military Upheaval • Military becomes less DISCIPLINED & DISLOYAL. • GENERALS more powerful. Recruited SOLDIERS from the POOR. • POOR showed LOYALTY to their GENERALS & not just ROME.

  6. Gracchi Brothers • Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus. • BROTHERS. • Tried to help the URBAN POOR in ROME. • Proposed REFORMS: • Limiting the size of ESTATES. • Giving land to the POOR.

  7. Tiberius Gracchus “The savage beasts have their…dens,…but the men who bear arms and expose their lives for the safety of their country, enjoy…nothing more in it but the air and light…and wander from place to place with their wives and children.”

  8. Gracchus Brothers • Made ENEMIES with SENATORS who felt threatened by their IDEAS. • Fought for equality and reform • Death of the brothers: • Tiberius: 133 B.C. • Clubbed to death by Senators • Gaius: 121 B.C. • Ordered own servant to stab him to death

  9. Marius & Sulla

  10. Marius • 107 B.C.: • Elected CONSUL. • Understands the SENATE gets its power from the ARMY. • Promises the ARMY that after they serve in his army, they can live on the LAND. • Gains control of ROME. • 88 B.C.: • EXILED from ROME.

  11. Sulla • 88 B.C.: • Elected CONSUL. • 85 B.C.: • CIVIL WAR BEGINS: • Conflict between groups within the same country. • Marius RETURNS to ROME & EXILES Sulla! • KILLS Sulla’s supporters. • 83 B.C.: • Sulla RETURNS to ROME & EXILES Marius

  12. 60 B.C. First Triumvirate Caesar Crassus Pompey

  13. 60 B.C. First Triumvirate 60 B.C.: Political Alliance • Caesar: • Military leader. • Crassus: • Wealthy Roman. • Pompey: • Popular General. • 59 B.C.: • Caesar elected Consul.

  14. Julius Caesar • Caesar: • Strong and smart military leader. • Served only one year as consul. • 58 B.C.: • Governor of Gaul. • 58-50 B.C.: • Led his legions in a fight to conquer Gaul. • Won his men’s loyalty and devotion. • 50 B.C.: • Pompey ordered Caesar to disband his legions and return home.

  15. Julius Caesar • January 10, 49 B.C.: • Caesar took his army across the Rubicon River in Italy. • Pompey and his army fled and were defeated. • 46 B.C.: • Caesar returned Rome as a beloved military hero/leader. • 44 B.C.: • Caesar appointed DICTATOR FOR LIFE.

  16. Caesar's Reforms • Absolute ruler: • One who has total power. • Citizenship. • Expanded Senate. • Helped the poor. • Problems with nobles and senators.

  17. Caesar's Assassination • Marcus Brutus – “Et tu Brute?” • March 15, 44 B.C. • Caesar stabbed to death in the Senate Chamber.

  18. The Roman Empire – Beginning43 B.C. - Caesar’s Supporters Take Control Second Triumvirate Octavian (Caesar’s grandnephew & adopted son), Mark Antony, and Lepidus

  19. The Roman Empire – BeginningAlliance Crumbles Octavian forced Lepidus to retire Octavian & Mark Antony became rivals Antony met Cleopatra in Egypt while leading troops against Rome’s enemies in Anatolia They fell in love

  20. The Roman Empire – BeginningAlliance Crumbles Octavian accuses Antony of trying to rule Rome from Egypt – civil war erupted Antony & Cleopatra combine forces to fight Octavian

  21. The Roman Empire – Beginning31 B.C. Battle of Actium Naval battle Octavian defeats Antony & Cleopatra Later, Antony & Cleopatra commit suicide Octavian becomes unchallenged ruler of Rome Octavian accepts title of Augustus – “exalted one” Becomes the first emperor of Rome 32e - identify the ideas and impact of important individuals to includeAugustus Caesar

  22. How was the Roman Empire different from the Roman Republic? Roman Republic Ruled by Senate Consuls Assemblies Roman Empire Ruled by Emperor

  23. The Roman EmpirePax Romana (“Roman Peace”) Rome enjoys 200 years of peace and prosperity

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