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Sistem Telepon Pertemuan 11

Matakuliah : H0122 / Dasar Telekomunikasi Tahun : 2008. Sistem Telepon Pertemuan 11. Learning Outcomes. Mahasiswa dapat menunjukkan konsep telepon, bagaimana koneksinya serta masalah yang ada pada sistem telepon. Outline Materi. Terminology Central Office Switching. Telephone System.

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Sistem Telepon Pertemuan 11

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  1. Matakuliah : H0122 / Dasar Telekomunikasi Tahun : 2008 Sistem TeleponPertemuan 11

  2. Learning Outcomes Mahasiswa dapat menunjukkan konsep telepon, bagaimana koneksinya serta masalah yang ada pada sistem telepon.

  3. Outline Materi • Terminology • Central Office • Switching

  4. Telephone System • Terminology • Local loop • Central office • Exchange • Trunk • Nodes • Super trunks • Tandem switch • Hierarchy

  5. Toll Office Switching Office End Office Local Loop Trunk Intertoll Trunk Components • Three major components: • Local loops: twisted pair, analog signaling • Trunks: fiber optics or microwave, mostly digital • Switching offices

  6. Hierarchy

  7. Terminal/Local Loop • Telephone Terminal • Local loop and Basic Phone • Calling sequence in phone • Talking signals • Analog voltage • Outgoing : 1 – 2 V at approx. 3 mA • Incoming : half of outgoing signals • Local loop characteristics • Envelope delay • Voice grade: • Dial-up or switched line • Dedicated, conditioned or leased line

  8. Terminal/Local Loop • Loop signal level • Outgoing : - 10 and 0 dBm (600 ) • Incoming : - 42 to – 4 dBm • Termination on the Central office : 600 (or 900) • Dialing • Pulse • Tone • Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF)

  9. Terminal/Local Loop DTMF tones for each number

  10. Loop Supervision • BORSHT is the function of Subscriber loop interface circuit (SLIC) or line card in interfacing to a local loop • Battery : - 48 V dc • Over voltage : protection from excessive voltage • Ring trip : send 90 V 20 Hz ac signal with on hook : 2 s ; off hook : 4 s • Supervision : monitor the phone loop • Hybrid: • Two-wire to four-wire converter or four wire terminating set: plit the local loop into 2 wire pairs. • Trans-hybrid loss: – 30 to 50 dB of rejection • Test • To test signals on the line and to check quality of loop and phone performance

  11. Central Office • Process calling : • Recognize the dialed digits • Make physical connection • Connection : • Allow an analog signal voltage • Switching systems in matrix (crossbar or cross point switch) • For greater reliability used reed relay

  12. Common Channel Signaling

  13. Echo Cancellation • Echo parameters: • Signal travel time and travel distance • Echo time = (distance/prop.velocity) x 2 • To Cancel • Insert the reverse path loss • Echo suppression by insertion of reverse path loss • Signal subtractions • Echo suppression using the signal subtraction method • Digital signal processing • New version of subtraction method, need arithmetic calculation (algorithm) • Four-wire method

  14. Echo Cancellation

  15. Four Wire

  16. Summary • Telah dipelajari gambaran umum sistem telepon. • Telah dipelajari komponen telepon.

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