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"Hadron and Nuclear Physics in Europe: Tools for the Future "

"Hadron and Nuclear Physics in Europe: Tools for the Future ". Hans Ströher, IKP, FZJ, Germany. Organization Germany: „ Komitee für Hadronen- und Kernphysik“ (KHuK) Gisela Anton (Univ. Erlangen) Peter Braun-Munzinger (GSI, Univ. Darmstadt)

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"Hadron and Nuclear Physics in Europe: Tools for the Future "

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  1. "Hadron and Nuclear Physics in Europe: Tools for the Future" Forschungszentrum Jülich in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Hans Ströher, IKP, FZJ, Germany

  2. Organization • Germany:„Komitee für Hadronen- und Kernphysik“ (KHuK) • Gisela Anton (Univ. Erlangen) • Peter Braun-Munzinger (GSI, Univ. Darmstadt) • Dietrich Habs (LMU Munich) Hartmut Backe (Univ. Mainz) • Fritz Klein (Univ. Bonn) Kai Königsmann (Univ. Freiburg) • Reiner Krücken (TU Munich) Volker Metag (Univ. Giessen) • Horst Lenske (Univ. Giessen Thomas Walcher (Univ. Mainz) • Hans Ströher (FZJ, Univ. Cologne) • W. Weise (TU Munich) • Europe:“Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee” • (NuPECC)–An Expert Committee for the ESF • Claude Amsler (Zürich, Switzerland) Mark Huyse (Leuven, Belgium) • Christoph Bargholtz (Stockholm, Sweden) Jerzy Jastrzebski (Warsaw, Poland) • Tullio Bressani (Turn, Italy) Rauno Julin (Jyväskylä, Finland) • Jan Dobes (Rez, Czech Republik) Attila Krashnahorkay (Debrecen, Hungary) • Ana Maia Eiro (Lisbon, Prtugal) Hartmut Leeb (Vienna, Austria) • Graciano Fortuna (Legnaro, Italy) Mario Lazano (Sevilla, Spain) • Brian Fulton (York, UK) Gunnar Lovhoiden (Oslo, Norway) • Dominique Goutte (Caen, France) Karsten Riisager (Aarhus, Denmark) • Daniel Guerreau (Paris, France) Günter Rosner (Glasgow, UK) • Dominique Guillemaud-Mueller (Orsay, France) Hans Ströher (Jülich, Germany) • Muhsin Harakeh (KVI, Groningen, NL) Gerard van der Steenhoven (Amsterdam, NL) • Walter Henning (Darmstadt, Germany) Thomas Walcher (Mainz, Germany)

  3. Europe EU (15) … until April`04

  4. Europe I3HP EURONS Area (EU 15): ~ p x 106 km2 (EU 25): 1.25 p(US): ~ p2 Population (EU 15): 378 million (EU 25): 455 (US): 291 20 (official) languages

  5. Outline • Existing facilities:Status and Future • Hadron Physics • Nuclear (Structure) Physics • New facilities:Status and Time Schedule • ALICE • FAIR • FRM II • SPIRAL-2 • EURISOL

  6. Hadron Physics – Hardware Overview • Electromagnetic probes: • MAMI (Mainz, Germany) • ELSA (Bonn, Germany) • DAFNE (Frascati, Italy) • HERMES (DESY, Germany)- COMPASS (CERN) • Hadronic probes: • - CELSIUS (Uppsala, Sweden) • - COSY (Jülich, Germany) • GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) • COMPASS (CERN) +

  7. MAMI (Mainz, Germany) • Status: MAMI B (Ee ~855 MeV) • Future:Upgrade: DSM; MAMI C (Ee ~ 1500 MeV) First beam: 1/2006; Start full program: 6/2007

  8. ELSA (Bonn, Germany) • Status: Ee ~ 3.5 GeV • Future:No major upgrade foreseen

  9. Some physics … • Hadron structure and dynamics: SpectroscopyEvolution of hadron picture Form factors Shape of nucleon / D

  10. Some physics results… • Hadron structure and dynamics: GDH Sum Rule Nucleon Form Factors p(e, e´p) MAMI ELSA MAMI

  11. DAFNE (Frascati, Italy) • Status: Ee = 2 x 0.51 GeV (collider  F-production) • LDesign ~ 5 x 1032 cm-2 s-1 • Future:Upgradeideas: • - Super-DAFNE (L) • - DAFNE-2 (E)

  12. DEAR • DAFNE (Frascati, Italy) • Experiments:

  13. Some physics … Exotic atoms Hypernuclei 6.48 keV

  14. Some physics results… • Hadron structure and dynamics: Kaonic Hydrogen Hypernuclei PreliminaryDEAR-result Candidate event in FINUDA

  15. HERMES (DESY, Hamburg, Germany) • Status: Ee = 27.5 GeV (polarized); pol. gas target • Future: PETRA, thus HERMES, will stop middle of 2007 • converted into sync light facility

  16. COMPASS (at CERN) • Status: Eµ = 100 - 190 GeV/c • p,K,p; E = 80 - 300 GeV/c; polarized target • Future: CERN accelerators shut down during 2005 • COMPASS should continue in 2006 (council)

  17. Some physics … • Structure of hadrons: Nucleon spin structure (i.p. gluon contribution), spectroscopy Proton spin puzzle Quark distribution functions

  18. Some physics results… • Hadron structure and dynamics: Gluon polarization First HERMES-result

  19. CELSIUS at TSL (Uppsala, Sweden) • Status: Ep ~ 1.6 GeV • Future:CELSIUS will terminate operation summer 2005

  20. COSY (FZ-Jülich, Germany) • Status: Ep ~ 2.8 GeV (3.7 GeV/c) • Future: Accelerator: High energy (2 MV) e-Cooler • Detectors:Transfer WASAto COSY

  21. Some physics results… • Hadron structure and dynamics: Proton-proton cross-sections q+ (1540) COSY results TOF at COSY  Parity determination (Axx)

  22. Some physics … • Hadron structure and dynamics: (w/ WASA at COSY) Symmetries and symmetry breaking p°  2g I=0 0 1 d f0 a0 h  2g, 6g a d I=0 0 Rare decays (of h´) pp  pp h´ L = 1032 cm-2 s-1 s (3.35 GeV/c) ~ 300 nb

  23. GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) • Status:Pion, proton, heavy ion beams • Future:Ongoing upgrades of HADES and FOPI

  24. Some physics … • Hadron structure and dynamics: Chiral symmetry (restoration) NN interaction (small distance) Exotic atoms

  25. Yamazaki et al., PLB 418 (98) 246 • Some physics results… • Hadron structure and dynamics: • pp elastic scattering Deeply bound pionic states EDDA (COSY) FRS (GSI)

  26. Nuclear Physics – Hardware Overview • Stable beams: • … (still) many ! • Short lived (exotic, radioactive) beams: • CYCLONE (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) • TRIµP (KVI,Groningen, The Netherlands) • REX-ISOLDE (CERN) • SPIRAL (GANIL, France) • GSI (Darmstadt, Germany)

  27. CYCLONE (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) • Status:30MeV (200mA) proton beam to produce RIBs and accelerate them with a K=110 cyclotron to 0.65-5 A MeV; first RIB (19N3+) was accelerated in 12/1999 • Future:No major upgradeplans

  28. TRIµP (* (KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands) • Status: Radioactive beams; facility currently being built • … produce (AGOR), select (separator), collect, hold & manipulate (traps) radioactive nuclei • (* Trapped Radioactive Isotopes Micro-Labs for Fundamental Physics • Future: Intermediate term program, no further plans yet

  29. ISOLDE (CERN) • Status: 1.2 GeV p on 238U  fission fragment separation • Future:Energy upgrade of post-accelerator (4.3 MeV/u)

  30. SPIRAL (GANIL, France) • Status:Operational since 9/2001 • Heavy ion beams from GANIL cylotrons (50-95 AMeV)  fragmentation (C-target)  ionization in ion source  injection and acceleration in cylotron (1.7-25 AMeV) • Future:Proposal forSPIRAL-2 (see below)

  31. GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) • Status:In flight facility (SIS+FRS), storage ring (ESR) • Future:Ongoing upgrades(intensity) • (and:FAIR; see below)

  32. Some physics … • Structure and dynamics of nuclei: (Dubna)

  33. The NEWFacilities - Overview • ALICE(LHC, CERN) • FAIR (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany) • FRM II (Garching, Munich, Germany) • SPIRAL-2 (GANIL, Caen, France) • EURISOL (?)

  34. The NEWFacilities (I) • ALICE(ALarge Ion Collider Experiment): • - Heavy ion experiment at the LHC of CERN • - Projected start of experiments is 2007

  35. ALICE Physics Search for and investigation of the QGP:

  36. The NEW Facilities (II) • An“International Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and Antiprotons”: • - top priority of german hadron and nuclear physics community (KHuK-report of 9/2002) and NuPECC • - favourable evaluation by highest german science • committee (“Wissenschaftsrat” in 2002) • - funding decision from german government in • 2/2003 – staging and at least 25% foreign funding • - to be build at GSI Darmstadt; • should be finished in > 2011 (depending on start) • FAIR • (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research)

  37. FAIR (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany) SIS 100/300 • Proton linac (injector) - 2 synchrotons (30 GeV p) - A number of storage rings •  Parallel beams operation

  38. FAIR Fields of research: a) Structure and dynamics of nuclei – Radioactive beams Super-FRS b) Hadron structure and quark-gluon dynamics – Antiprotons(<15 GeV) HESR, PANDA c) Nuclear matter and quark gluon plasma – Relativistic nuclear beams  CBM d)Plasma physics - Pulsed ion beams + high power laser e) Atomic physics - Highly charged ions  NESR Recent call for LoI: ASSIA, CBM, FLAIR, PANDA, PAX, … (can be downloaded from the GSI web-site: www.gsi.de)

  39. FAIR a) Super-FRS: Radioactive beams Projectile fragmentation and fission (Br-DE-Br method)

  40. FAIR Physics (I) … with in-flight radioactive beams (at Super-FRS): a)Low-energy branch: - a, b, g decay spectroscopy - g spectroscopy (AGATA) - laser spectroscopy - trap experiments b)High-energy branch: - knockout reactions - (p,n) reactions - electromagnetic excitations - fission, (multi-)fragmentation, spallation c)Ring branch: - mass, lifetime measurements - scattering of light hadronic probes - electron scattering (ELISE)

  41. FAIR b) HESR (and PANDA): Antiproton beams Momentum range: p = 1.5 – 15 GeV/c 5x1010 stored antiprotons PANDA

  42. FAIR Physics (II) • … with cooled internal antiproton beamsat HESR: • Charmonium spectroscopy • Gluonic excitations (charmed hybrids, glueballs) • Charm in Nuclei • (Double) Hypernuclei • GPD´s from pp_bar annihilation • D meson spectroscopy • CP violation in strange and charm sector •  Key observables: Charmonium, D mesons

  43. FAIR c) CBM-detector (nuclear collisions): Moderate temperatures and very high baryon densities (5-10 r0) New detector HADES

  44. FAIR Physics (III) • … with nucleon-nucleon collisionsat CBM: • In-medium properties of hadrons • Chiral and deconfinement phase transition at high rB • Critical point of strongly interacting matter • Nuclear equation-of-state at high densities • New states of matter at highest baryon densities • Key observables: r, w, f, Charmonium, D mesons, multi-strange baryons, direct photons

  45. The NEWFacilities (III) • The “Forschungsneutronenquelle Garching FRM II”: • - Neutron source (fission reactor) • - Long political discussions (fuel HEU) • - Built in Garching near Munich (Germany) … went critical on March 2, 2004 – power: 15 MW

  46. FRM II Mini-D2 UCN source : - A UCN density of about 104 n/cm3 builds up in the storage tube within a few minutes. - Operated in continuous mode the source will provide a UCN flux of about 5×105 n/cm2s. Solid D2 converter

  47. FRM II Physics … with ultracold neutrons at FRM II: Neutron lifetime

  48. FRM II Radioactive beams via neutron-induced fission: - MAFF(Munich Accelerator for fission fragments) 1014 fissions/s - MAFF II: post-acceleration (up to 5.9 MeV/u); requires additional building

  49. The NEW Facilities (IV) • Spiral-2 (Proposal): • - RIB (ISOL); SC linac (d, 40 MeV, 5mA) as “driver” • post-acceleration by (existing) cyclotron • - 1013 (n-induced) fissions/s on depleted U-target • - Note: also intense flux of 14 MeV neutrons • - timeline: ~ 2008 see: www.ganil.fr

  50. The NEWFacilities (V) • EURISOL (… the next generation European RIB facility) ISOL-principle

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