Write down at least five things to describe the man in this picture.

1. Write down at least five things to describe the man in this picture.

2. What did you write down? • Why did you write what you did? • Did you identify the man as an American Indian? Why or why not? • What would you say about American Indians after seeing this picture?

3. Write down at least five things to describe the man in this picture.

4. What did you write down? • Why did you write what you did? • Did you identify the man as an American Indian? As a chief? Why or why not? • How is what you wrote about this man different from what you wrote about the last man? • Do you think this man would be happy if told the first picture was a drawing of him? Why or why not?

5. Which picture do you trust to be more truthful? • Indian Chief from Disney’s animated movie Peter Pan (1953) • Lakota medicine man Black Elk, who lived from 1866-1950 (Note: Black Elk was NOT a chief!) http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2012_11_29_archive.html http://www.native-net.org/indians/black-elk.html

6. What was U.S. Westward Expansion? • Thomas Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase (1803): • Expanded the U.S. west of the Mississippi by 828,000 miles • Aim: establish American presence in the northwest through trade and settlement Mr. Nussbaum Website: http://mrnussbaum.com/history-2-2/lapurchase/

7. 1840: Major westward immigration • Oregon Trail: Independence, Missouri to Oregon City and Willamette Valley • Pre-Emption Act of 1841 gives squatters’ right to purchase federal land • California Gold Rush • 1849; over 50,000 immigrants move along Oregon Trail History Globe: http://www.historyglobe.com/ot/otmap1.htm

8. Westward Expansion was great- right? • Who benefited the most from American Westward Expansion? • What do you think the U.S. government did when settlers wanted to live on land that was already occupied by American Indians? • Did the U.S. government own the land on which settlers were living? How do we say whether someone “owns” something?

9. What would you do if someone showed up and told you to move out of your house immediately?

10. How do you think American Indians felt about Westward Expansion? • How can we find out? • Primary resources • Secondary resources • What do we need to be on the lookout for in our research? • Perspective • Bias • Stereotypes

11. Write or draw five things you know about American Indians.

12. Look at the things you starred. • How do you know those facts are true? • Where did you learn those facts? From: • A teacher or parent? • A book? By whom? • A friend? • A picture or movie? • A website or museum? • Which are primary sources? Secondary? Could any contain issues with perspective, bias or stereotype?

13. Black Elk Speaks: “It was when I was five years old that my Grandfather made me a bow and some arrows. The grass was young and I was horseback. A thunder storm was coming from where the sun goes down, and just as I was riding into the woods along a creek, there was a kingbird sitting on a limb. This was not a dream, it happened. And I was going to shoot at the kingbird with the bow my Grandfather made, when the bird spoke and said: "The clouds all over are one-sided." Perhaps it meant that all the clouds were looking at me. And then it said: "Listen! A voice is calling you!" Then I looked up at the clouds, and two men were coming there, headfirst like arrows slanting down; and as they came, they sang a sacred song and the thunder was like drumming. I will sing it for you. The song and the drumming were like this: Behold, a sacred voice is calling you; All over the sky a sacred voice is calling. I sat there gazing at them, and they were coming from the place where the giant lives (north). But when they were very close to me, they wheeled about toward where the sun goes down, and suddenly they were geese. Then they were gone, and the rain came with a big wind and a roaring. I did not tell this vision to any one. I liked to think about it, but I was afraid to tell it.” - Neihardt, J. 1932. Black Elk speaks. NY: Washington Square Press.