Bellevue College Writing Lab Proudly Presents… How to Correct Run-On Sentences

1. Bellevue College Writing Lab Proudly Presents…How to Correct Run-On Sentences Welcome! Please sign in and take a hand-out.

2. What is a run-on sentence? • A run on is two or more complete sentences written as one singular sentence. • A run-on has too much information for a single sentence. It just keeps going, and going and going…. • If too many thoughts are given at once, people readers can’t process the information.

3. Run-ons vs. fragments FRAGMENTS • Fragments are incomplete thoughts • They are missing a subject or a main verb. • Example: A story with adventure and excitement. RUN – ONS • Have two or more complete thoughts • Have too many subjects and main verbs! • Example: She told a story with adventure and excitement I could not wait to hear the end I listened the whole way through. .

4. Types of run-ons • Classic run-on • Comma splice

5. Classic run-on Has 2 or more complete thoughts with nopunctuation, except at the end. Practice separating the thoughts: “She told a story with adventure and excitement I could not wait to hear the end I listened the whole way through.”

6. Comma Splice • To ‘splice’ means ‘to join together’ • “I don’t know where my knitting needles went, I thought they were in my basket.” • See my awesome yarn demo

7. Even if a sentence has commas, that doesn’t mean it’s complete. It could still be a run-on!

8. Practice: Classic, Comma Splice, or Correct? Ballet is a classical form of dance it has been performed for centuries. classic Many folk dances exist, nearly every culture has its own dances. comma splice Jazz, modern, and hip-hop all use similar steps, but the dancers perform them differently. correct!

9. More Practice! I’m out of dishwasher soap, I need to go to the store today. comma splice Since I’m going out, I might as well pick up some ice cream. correct! I won’t get a giant vat of it, I’ll just buy a small dish to satisfy my craving. comma splice

10. Fixing Run-Ons • The Easy Three: • periods, semicolons, and fanboys • Subordinators • “Trimming the Fat"

11. The Easy Three: Period “Ballet is a classical form of dance it has been performed for centuries.” To correct it, separate the two complete thoughts with a period. “Ballet is a classical form of dance. It has been performed for centuries.”

12. Easy three: Semicolon • Semicolon (;) more than a comma, less than a period • Use it when two thoughts relate well to each other “I gnaw on old car tires; it strengthens my jaws for combat against bears.” Related! “I fought the bear and won; some people believe unicorns evolved into narwhals.” NOT Related.

13. Semicolon, cont. “I feel sorry for the Tyrannosaurus Rex with those weenie arms, he could never scratch his nose!” “I feel sorry for the Tyrannosaurus Rex; with those weenie arms, he could never scratch his nose!” Take note! NO additional words after the semicolon DO NOT capitalize the next word

14. One last word on semicolons Use semicolons sparingly – no more than Once or twice per page. Up next…fanboys!

15. “Fanboys” is an acronym for a specific list of words. Also known as coordinatingconjunctions, these words provide a smooth transition between thoughts. Rather than a full stop (period) or a long pause (semicolon), it is a short pause plus a connecting word that makes the flow of sentences less ‘choppy’. The most common 3 from this list: and, but, or For And Nor But Or Yet So

16. Fanboys in practice “Ballet is a classical form of dance it has been performed for centuries.” “Ballet is a classical form of dance, and it has been performed for centuries.” ~~ “I like smooth peanut butter my friend prefers it crunchy.” “I like smooth peanut butter, ___ my friend prefers it crunchy. ~~ “I’m out of dishwasher soap, I need to go to the store today.” I’m out of dishwasher soap, ____ I need to go to the store today.

17. Wrapping up the Easy Three “Robins usually arrive in the spring they start to build nests at once.” How do I fix this by using a period? semicolon? fanboys?

18. Wait a minute… At this point, you may be thinking… Yes, those work too! However, the rules are different with those words, so they are in a different category. Subordinators

19. …Interchangeable? • The Easy Three (period, semicolon, fanboy) are the easiest solution to a run-on sentence. • Interchangeable: All of them go in the same place – between the two complete thoughts. • Subordinators are a bit different.

20. What are Subordinators? Means ‘to make something secondary’. See handout for a list of common subordinators Before, the 2 complete thoughts (aka clauses) were equal, and the easy three were the ‘hinge.’ Subordinators take one of the complete thoughts and makes it incomplete.

21. Subordinators in Action Kyle could not eat his salad. He was allergic to onions. Two simple but complete sentences Add a subordinator to one… Since he was allergic to onions it still has a subject and a verb, but now it cannot be by itself. It’s what we call a ‘subordinate clause.’

22. Subordinators in Action cont. So now that we have made one of the sentences incomplete, we attach it to the other still-complete sentence (aka main clause). Kyle could not eat his salad, since he was allergic to onions. OR Since he was allergic to onions Kyle could not eat his salad.

23. Subordinators in Action cont. So now that we have made one of the sentences incomplete, we attach it to the other still-complete sentence (aka main clause) Kyle could not eat his salad, since he was allergic to onions. OR Since he was allergic to onions Kyle could not eat his salad. Notice! -The subordinate clause can go either before or after the main clause. - The clause’s placement in the sentence affects if and where you use commas.

24. Punctuating subordinate clauses When the subordinate clause comes first,use a comma. Even though the broccoli was covered in cheddar cheese, Emily refused to eat it. Unless Christine finishes her homework, she will have to suffer Mr. B’s wrath in class tomorrow. While Bailey slept on the sofa, the family dog chewed on the coffee table leg.

25. More punctuation When the subordinate clause comes second, you generally do not need a comma. Tanya did poorly on her exam Ø because Giselle insisted on gossiping during their study session the night before. Jonathon spent his class time reading comic books Ø since he already knew the material so well. Diane decided to plant tomatoes in the back of the yard Ø where they would get the most sunlight.

26. Before or After? Question: How do I decide where to place the subordinate clause? Answer: Whichever is more important! Two sentences A six-foot snake slithered across the sidewalk. Rhonda gasped. I’ll combine them with a subordinator at the beginning (comma or no comma?) When a six-foot snake slithered across the sidewalk, Rhonda gasped. This is grammatically correct. However, to me, a huge snake randomly appearing is more important than Rhonda’s reaction, and readers tend to remember whatever they read last. So I’m going to put Rhonda’s gasping first. Rhonda gasped when a six foot snake slithered across the sidewalk. Note that since now the subordinate clause is last, I don’t need a comma.

27. Fanboys versus Subordinators • Maria jumped out Gino’s car, for she could not tolerate his awful music. • Sima’s “A” in Anatomy might lead her to medical school, or she might become a sculptor instead. • Maria jumped out of Gino's car because she could not tolerate his awful music. (comma removed, main clause is 1st) • AlthoughSima’s A in Anatomy might lead her to medical school, she might become a sculptor instead. (comma remains, main clause is 2nd)

28. Summing up Subordinators • Subordinator + complete thought = a subordinate clause • Attach the subordinate clause to *another* complete thought, then punctuate it properly, and you’ll get a very spiffy sentence! • They make your writing varied, sophisticated, and more complex.

29. Trimming the Fat Sometimes those previous methods won’t be enough. Sometimes our writing isn’t so easy to correct. Sometimes there are just too many words!

30. An Excess of Verbiage To make brownies, first get a bowl out of the cupboard and a wooden spoon and the brownie mix and preheat the oven; after preheating the oven, empty the mix into the bowl and crack two eggs and stir carefully, not too fast.

31. Cut it Out! • In this case, there already are fanboys and subordinators. • Step one: break the run-on into multiple sentences • Step two: eliminate repetitive phrases or ideas. • Step three: Can you say it in fewer words? To make brownies, first get a bowl out of the cupboard and a wooden spoon and the brownie mix and preheat the oven; after preheating the oven, empty the mix into the bowl and crack two eggs and stir carefully, not too fast.

32. Let’s Do That Again! You may think your friends and family might not look forward to your birthday as much as you do, but at one time they must have, because that was the day that you were born and came into this world, which is why they celebrate your birthday with you; on that day they got a wonderful gift -- you.

33. Run-Ons and Your Writing: General Tips • Look at the sentence length. If your writing is more than three lines long, that’s probably too much. • Read your sentence out loud. Yes, out loud! If you have to catch your breath before the end, it’s too long. • If you ‘get lost’ as you’re reading (out loud!), so will your audience. • If you’re not sure, play it safe and look for a way to make things more concise.

34. For More Information… Visit the Writing Lab! Mon – Thurs 8am-8pm Fri 8am-3:30pm Sat –Sun 11am-4pm Check out our website! http://bellevuecollege.edu/asc/writing/ you can find this presentation there Visit another workshop

35. References Hacker, Diana. A Writer’s Reference. 6th Ed. Boston: Bedford, 2009. Print. “How to Use a Semicolon.” The Oatmeal Comics. 2010. Web. 15 Oct. 2010. Simmons, Robin. L. Grammar Bytes! Chompchompchom.com, 2010. Web, 18 Oct. 2010. Writer’s Choice Grammar Workbook Grade 10. Glencoe: McGraw-Hill 1996. Print.