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Skin: The Integumentary System

Skin: The Integumentary System. Chapter 12. Skin Trivia. 21 Square Feet 4 Kilograms/9 pounds, 7% - 15% of Total Body Weight Complex Combination of Tissues Continuous Layer. 20 Blood Vessels 65 Hairs & Hair Muscles 78 Nerves 78 Sensors for Heat 13 Sensors for Cold

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Skin: The Integumentary System

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  1. Skin: The Integumentary System Chapter 12

  2. Skin Trivia • 21 Square Feet • 4 Kilograms/9 pounds, 7% - 15% of Total Body Weight • Complex Combination of Tissues • Continuous Layer

  3. 20 Blood Vessels 65 Hairs & Hair Muscles 78 Nerves 78 Sensors for Heat 13 Sensors for Cold 160 Sensors for Pressure 100 Sebaceous/Oil Glands 1300 Nerve Endings 19,500,000 Cells 0.5 Million Cells Dying & Being Replaced One Square Inch Contains

  4. Functions & Structures

  5. Functions • Waterproofs the body & prevents fluid loss • Unbroken skin plays important roles in the immune system • Major receptor for the sense of touch • Helps the body synthesize vitamin D from the sun’s ultraviolet light, while screening out harmful ultraviolet radiation

  6. Functions of Related Structures • Sebaceous glands, or oil glands, secrete sebum, which lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin • Sweat glands help regulate body temperature and water content. Also a small amount of metabolic waste is excreted through the sweat glands • Hair helps control the loss of body heat • Nails protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

  7. Structures of the Integumentary System

  8. Skin • Made up of 3 layers or strata • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous layer

  9. Epidermis • Epithelial tissues form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body • Epidermis is made of several specialized epithelial tissues • Squamous epithelial tissue is the outer most layer • Made of flat, scaly cells that are continuously sloughed off • Basal layer is where cells are produced

  10. Epidermis • This layer does not contain any blood vessels or connective tissue & is dependent on lower layers for nourishment. • Keratin is a fibrous, water-repellent protein • Melanocytes produce melanin and are found in the basal cell layer • Melanin • The black pigment that determines skin color • protects the skin against some of the UV rays

  11. Dermis • Also known as the corium • Thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis • Contains; • Connective tissue • Blood & lymph vessels • Nerve fibers • Fair follicles • Sebaceous & sweat glands

  12. Dermis • Tactile • Pertaining to touch • Perception • is the ability to recognize sensory stimulus

  13. Dermis • Collagen • Tough fibrous protein material • Mast cells • Found in the connective tissue • Respond to injury or infection by producing • Heparin • Released in response to injury • Histamine • Released in response to allergens

  14. Subcutaneous Layer • Located just below the skin, connects the skin to the surface muscles • Made up of loose connective tissue & fatty adipose tissue • Cellulite is a nontechnical term for the subcutaneous deposit of fat • Lipocytes, or fat cells, are predominant in the subcutaneous layer

  15. Associated Structures of the Integumentary System

  16. Sebaceous glands • Located in the dermis • Closely associated with hair follicles • Secrete sebum which is an oil • Mammary glands are modified sebaceous glands

  17. Sweat Glands • Tiny, coiled glands • Most numerous in the • Palms of the hands • Soles of the feet • Forehead • Armpits • Hidrosis means the productions and excretions of sweat

  18. Hair • Hair follicles • Sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers • Arrectorpili • Aka erector muscles • Tiny muscle fibers attached to the fair follicles • Cause hair to stand erect in response to cold or fright

  19. Nails aka unguis • Nail body • Nail bed • Free edge • Cuticle • Narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root • Lunula-pale, half-moon-shaped region at the nail root • Root

  20. Medical specialties related to integumentary system

  21. Medical Specialties • Dermatologist • Specializes in diagnosing & treating disorders of the skin • Cosmetic surgeon • Aka plastic surgeon • Specializes in the surgical restoration & reconstruction of body structures

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