Utah Flora BOT2100

1. Utah Flora BOT2100 Lecture 5 Dicots I Including: Ranunculaceae Hydrophyllaceae Boraginaceae

2. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Flowering plants with a ovary wall (carpels) Corollas and calyx generally distinguishable sometimes one whorl is absent Flower parts in 2, 4 or 5’s Leaves generally with net-veined (branched) 2 cotyledons (1st leaves)

3. Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales 7 families199 genera 4,445 species Major Families Ranunculaceae – buttercups, larkspur, columbine Papaveraceae– poppies Berberidaceae– Berberis (trees), Oregon-grape

4. Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales • Ranunculaceae • Worldwide62 genera 2,225 species • Utah(Native and Introduced)13 genera ~75 species • annual or perennial herbs • leaves alternate, simple or compound • flowers superior, hypanthium sometimes present, perfect, • regular or irregular • petals 3 to many or absent • sepals sometimes petaloid

5. Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae • Aquilegia • Worldwide80 species • Utah(Native)~16 species • perennial herbs from taproots • leaves alternate, ternately lobed to triternately compound (in 3’s) • flowers regular, showy • sepals 5, petaloid, not spurred • petals 5, spurred • stamens numerous

6. Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae • Aquilegia coerulea • widespread montane species in Utah • sepals and spurs white or blue • stamens surpassing petals by 10-20 mm

7. Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae • Delphinium • Worldwide 365 species • Utah(Native)~6 species • annual or perennial herbs from taproots or tubers • leaves alternate, palmately lobed • flowers irregular, showy • sepals 5, petaloid, spurred • petals 4, in 2 pairs • stamens numerous

8. Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae • Delphinium nuttallianum • most common Delphinium in Utah • stems fragile and narrowed at ground level (often hard to get roots) • leaves mostly basal

9. Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae • Ranunculus • Worldwide 600 species • Utah(Native and Introduced) 27 species • annual or perennial herbs from taproots or fibrous roots • leaves of many types, simple to compound • flowers regular • sepals 3-5, sometimes petaloid, usually deciduous • petals 5-16 • stamens 5 or numerous

10. Utah Flora BOT2100 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae • Ranunculus adoneus • restricted to alpine sites, often near snowbanks in Utah • leaves highly palmately to sub-pinnately lobed, with many segments • sepals deciduous upon flowering, petals larger, to 12 mm long

11. Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales 25 families1,300 genera 26,300 species Major Families Boraginaceae – forget-me-not, Cryptantha Hydrophyllaceae – waterleaf, Phacelia Lamiaceae– mints, oregano, thyme, Salvia Scrophulariaceae – snapdragons, Digitalis, Penstemon

12. Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales • Hydrophyllaceae • Worldwide25 genera 960 species • Utah(Native or Introduced)9 genera ~50 species • annual, biennial or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs • leaves alternate, simple or compound • inflorescence commonly scorpioid cymes • flowers superior, perfect, regular • calyx fused, 5 lobed; corolla fused, 5 lobed, • stamens 5, sometimes exserted • fruit a capsule, seeds 1 to many

13. Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales Hydrophyllaceae • Phacelia • Worldwide 150 species • Utah(Native) ~40 species • annual, biennial or perennial herbs • leaves alternate, lower sometimes opposite, entire to pinnatifid • flowers regular • calyx 5-lobed, divided almost to base • corolla 5-lobed • stamens 5, exserted or included • seeds within capsules 4 or many

14. Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales Boraginaceae • Phacelia heterophylla • sagebrush valley & montane species • plants mostly biennial • (sometimes flowering a 3rd year) • leaves basal and cauline, entire or • with 1-4 pairs of pinnate lobes • corolla whitish, stamens exserted

15. Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales • Boraginaceae • Worldwide112 genera 1,600 species • Utah(Native or Introduced)18 genera ~100 species • annual, perennial herbs, rarely sub-shrubs • leaves alternate or opposite, simple • inflorescence commonly scorpioid cymes • flowers superior, perfect, regular • calyx fused, 5 lobed; corolla fused, 5 lobed • stamens 5, sometimes 4 • fruit nutlets, ovary breaking into 2-4, 1 seeded segments

16. Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales Boraginaceae • Mertensia • Worldwide 50 species • Utah(Native) 7 species • perennial herbs from fleshy, rhizome-like roots (tuber-like) • leaves entire, alternate • flowers regular • calyx 5-lobed, fused or divided almost to base • corolla 5-lobed • stamens 5 • nutlets 4

17. Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales Boraginaceae • Mertensia arizonica • restricted to most sites, often in canyons • plants tall and robust • leaves large and glabrous • calyx not cleft to base, and • longer than 5 mm

18. Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales Boraginaceae • Cryptantha • Worldwide 150 species • Utah(Native) 65 species • annual or perennial herbs taproots • leaves alternate or opposite, entire to deeply pinnately lobed • flowers regular • calyx 5-lobed, divided almost to base • corolla 5-lobed, fused • stamens 5 • nutlets 1-4

19. Utah Flora BOT2100 Lamiales Boraginaceae • Cryptantha humilis • common Great Basin desert species • stems short and compact (caespitose) • leaves small, spatulate, mostly basal • calyx 3-5 mm long, corolla tube 3-5 mm long, • and not exceeding calyx

20. Utah Flora BOT2100 Assignment • Draw and label species provided in lab • Make sure to label those morphological features that helped • you identify the sample (the characters in the key) • Identify & label all samples to family and genus • For Practice: use A Utah Flora to identify & label all samples to • species (other than any we determined in class together)