Fifty years of Physics at ISOLDE

1. Fifty years of Physics at ISOLDE Last Oct. 16th, we celebrated the 50 anniversary of the first Physics at ISOLDE! • Meet ISOLDE: • Trailer • Where did it all begin? • Targeting new discoveries • Fresh faces bring fresh ideas • Future physics with HIE-ISOLDE • What can ISOLDE do for cancer research? • Facebook event Thanks Erwin for taking the initiative and organizing the event!

2. Beam commissioning and Operations of the REX/HIE-ISOLDE linac Jose Alberto Rodriguez, BE-OP-ISO

3. Outline: • Introduction to the ISOLDE facility • Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac • Highlights of the Beam Commissioning • Highlights of the Physics Campaign • Summary J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

4. Introduction to the ISOLDE Facility: • What is ISOLDE? • ISOLDE stands for Isotope Separator OnLineDEvice • Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) are produced and delivered to different experimental stations to be studied by the users of the facility • It was the first ISOL type facility in the world (approved by the CERN council in 1964) J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

5. Introduction to the ISOLDE Facility: • What is ISOLDE? • Initially, ISOLDE used 0.6 GeV protons from SC (Open to the public. Highly recommended visit!) • Later on, ISOLDE was moved to its current location and started using 1.0 and 1.4 GeV protons from the PSB • Currently, ISOLDE is the destination of around 50% of the protons accelerated by the PSB (which, by the way, makes ISOLDE the most important facility at CERN using this, more than reasonable, metric! ;-) J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

6. Introduction to the ISOLDE Facility: • What type of isotopes can be produced at the ISOLDE facility? • More than 1000 isotopes of 74 different elements can be produced (~ 6000 isotopes predicted by theory) • Half-life: between 1 msand 1012 years • Production rates: from < a few per hour to >109 a second Number of protons, Z Number of neutrons, N J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

7. Introduction to the ISOLDE Facility: • How are these isotopes produced and delivered to the users of the facility? • The isotopes are products of the different nuclear reactions that take place when the proton beam hits the target • They diffuse out of the target when it is heated • They are ionized using different mechanisms (surface, plasma, laser) • They are pulled out of the floating target front-end Protons Radioisotopes Ions Vacuum Air Courtesy of M. Delonca J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

8. Introduction to the ISOLDE Facility: • How are these isotopes produced and delivered to the users of the facility? • Isotopes extracted from one of the two front-ends are transported using electrostatic elements to a separator dipole where the RIB of interest is selected • A beam switch yard is used to redirect the beam to the desired destination HRS target front-end BTY line (PSB/ISOLDE proton transfer line) HRS separator Beam switchyard J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

9. Introduction to the ISOLDE Facility: • How are these isotopes produced and delivered to the users of the facility? • The RIB of interest is then transported to one of the experimental stations either directly or after being accelerated in the REX/HIE-ISOLDE post-accelerator HRS RIB BTY line HIE-ISOLDE HEBT lines REX/HIE-ISOLDE post-accelerator RIB p beam GPS ISOLDE low energy lines • High energy experimental stations: • Miniball • ISS • Scattering Chamber • Low energy experimental stations: • IDS • ISOLTRAP • CRIS • COLLAPS • SSP stations • VITO • NICOLE • WISARD J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

10. Introduction to the ISOLDE Facility: • What type of Physics is done in the ISOLDE facility? • Focus is on several disciplines of Nuclear Physics (e.g. nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics…) • But, also very important work on Solid State Physics, Biophysics and Medical Physics Distribution of beam shifts by discipline during the 2017 Physics campaign “Spinoff” • More information: https://medicis-promed.web.cern.ch/ • First target irradiated: 05/12/2017!! • First radioactive isotope collection: on-going J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

11. Outline: • Introduction to the ISOLDE facility • Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac • Highlights of the Beam Commissioning • Highlights of the Physics Campaign • Summary J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

12. Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac: • How are these isotopes produced and delivered to the users of the facility? • The RIB of interest is then transported to one of the experimental stations either directly or after being accelerated in the REX/HIE-ISOLDE post-accelerator REX-EBIS HIE-ISOLDE HEBT lines HIE-ISOLDE linac REX linac REX-TRAP • High energy experimental stations: • Miniball • ISS • Scattering Chamber J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

13. Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac: • Ions are accumulated and transversely cooled in the REX-TRAP and charge bred in the REX-EBIS • The charge state of interest is selected in the REX separator before injection into the REX/HIE-ISOLDE linac for acceleration and delivery to one of the experimental stations REX linac HIE-ISOLDE linac HEBT lines REX-EBIS REX Separator REX-TRAP Experimetal stations J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

14. Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac: • The REX normal conducting linac: • Beam from the charge breeder with 5 keV/u energy is accelerated to 2.85 MeV/u • Seven RF structures: f = 101.28 MHz (except for 9gap at 202.56 MHz) up to 10% duty cycle • Charge state dynamic acceptance: 2.5 < A/q < 4.33 RF Systems: Magnets: Diagnostics: Beam to HIE-ISOLDE 2.85 MeV/u Beam from EBIS 5 keV/u RFQ IHS Triplet Triplet Triplet Triplet Triplet Triplet Doublet 9gap 7gap 2 7gap 3 7gap 1 Diagnostics Buncher HV Steerer Diagnostics J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

15. Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac: • The High Intensity and Energy ISOLDE (HIE-ISOLDE) project consists of: • Higher Intensity (of Radioactive Ion Beams) may happen in the future thanks to the higher energy and intensity of the proton beam from the Booster • Higher Energy thanks to a superconducting extension of the post-accelerator Phases of the HIE-ISOLDE project XT02 extension (2017) Layout of the HIE-ISOLDE linac after Phase 2A XT03 (2017) End Tunnel CM1 CM2 CM3 (2017) J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

16. Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac: Main design parameters of the HIE-ISOLDE Quarter Wave Resonators (QWR) • The HIE-ISOLDE superconducting linac and HEBT lines: • Cavities: Quarter Wave Resonators (QWR) made of a copper substrate with niobium sputtered in inner surfaces • Cryomodule: five QWR resonators and one SC solenoid, common insulation and beam vacuum, top plate mounted • Diagnostics: Scanning slits, collimators and FCs before and after each cryomodule, Si detectors before and after SC linac • Steering: Every few meters / Focusing: quadrupoles Copper substrate of one of the SRF cavities Cryomodule cold mass during assembly Nb sputtered in top of the copper substrate Courtesy of W. Venturini J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

17. Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac: Courtesy of E. Siesling J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

18. Outline: • Introduction to the ISOLDE facility • Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac • Highlights of the Beam Commissioning • Highlights of the Physics Campaign • Summary J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

19. Highlights of the Beam Commissioning: Development of Slow Extraction from the REX-EBIS (N. Bidault): Measurement of the ions of interest axial energy distribution after extraction from the REXEBIS. Calculation of the inverse function and application to the trap barrier. Measurement of the resulting time structure by a Silicon detector or from MINIBALL. Adjustments of the ion pulse shape (± stretch, ± flatten) / Adapt to new operational conditions. • Results: • Scaling of the ion pulse length ∝ with the barrier voltage distribution length, from 0.2 ms to 5 ms. • Ion pulse shaping achieved for various RIBs with A/q in the range [2.5; 4.5]. • Measures of the influence of the breeding time and the electron beam intensity and energy on the time structure. J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

20. Highlights of the Beam Commissioning: Energy Measurements Using TOF (S. Sadovich+OP): • The TOF system uses the time information provided by two silicon detectors separated 7.76 m from each other • The bunch structure of the beam was measured for six different beam energies (the gradient of the third SRF cavity of the second cryomodule was changed between 5.5 and 0 MV/m) • Energy changes smaller than 0.5 % could be easily resolved • Bunch structure in second Si detector has partially degrade Bunch time structure for beams with different energies measured at XT00.1900 Si detector Bunch time structure for beams with different energies measured at XT00.1000 Si detector N / NMAX N / NMAX time [ns] time [ns] 7.76 m XT00.1900 Si detector XT00.1000 Si detector J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

21. Highlights of the Beam Commissioning: Using TOF information to phase SRF cavities (S. Sadovich): • S. Sadovich (BE-BI) proposed, made the necessary measurements and demonstrated that the TOF information can conceptually be used to phase the SRF cavities • This method is faster than using the information on the energy since beam currents can be higher (i.e. less saturation constrains) and all the events can be used to build up the statistics in multi-ion beams Change in energy when the phase of a SRF cavity is changed Change in TOF when the phase of a SRF cavity is changed 3800 25 3700 20 3600 dTOF [ns] dE [bin] 15 3500 10 3400 5 3300 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 Phase [deg] Phase [deg] J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

22. Highlights of the Beam Commissioning: Energy and Energy Spread Measurements: • Time Of Flight FESA class (by BE/BI), high-level applications (by BE/OP) developed and commissioned (channel settings and particle count rate) Energy Scan after set-up for 15C experiment completed FESA Navigator for TOF class • Energy and energy spread of the beam can be carried out using the count rate measured at the Silicon detector at XT01.0400 after the first dipole magnet Silicon detector 1 mm vertical slits • The method works very well: • Can be used for low-intensity beams • Can be completed in ~ 1 hour • However, as with all measurements with Si detectors, special attention is required to avoid damaging it All quads and steerers off

23. Highlights of the Beam Commissioning: Linearity of Silicon Detectors on Mass of Ions: • Measurement proposed and carried out by S. Sadovich (BE/BI) together with BE-OP • Cocktail of beams (EBIS and Xe from GPS target) sent to the XT00.1000 silicon detector Deviation from linearity as a function of mass number Energy spectrum for a beam with A/q = 4.0 and REX energy 4He1+ 20Ne5+ Ebin# / A # Counts 16O4+ 40Ar10+ 132Xe33+ 12C3+ Mass Number (A) XT00.1000 deviation from linearity XT00.1900 deviation from linearity Energy bin # Ebin# / A Ebin# / A Mass Number (A) Mass Number (A) J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

24. Highlights of the Beam Commissioning: Semi-automatic Cavity Phasing: • Procedure to phase the SRF cavities is well defined, robust and repeatable • Phase scan to determine zero-crossings • Set operational phase • Scale HEBT line • Adjust and document settings of the machine • Software applications have been developed to automatize some of the steps • Currently, phasing 15 cavities takes ~1.5 shifts • Additional automation planned for 2018 (objective: phasing 20 cavities in 1 shift) Beam profile after first dipole magnet after SRF02 was phased Zero-crossings of SRF02 Faraday Cup 5 mm vertical slit SRF cavity J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

25. Highlights of the Beam Commissioning: Fast Beam Investigation (FBI) by E. Fadakis, E. Matli and K. Seintaridis (BE/OP): • New tool to monitor the status of the facility • Accessible on the general network, from any web browser • REX/HIE-ISOLDE section partially commissioned during the last three weeks of the Physics campaign • Will be completed and extended to the low-energy part of the facility next year Vacuum sector valve closed Pressure higher than 1E-5 mbar FC blocking the beam SRF cavity tripped J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

26. Highlights of the Beam Commissioning: Automatedmeasurements by N. Bidault (BE/OP): • Automate repetitive measurements. • Flexible scripting without having to modify the application. • Include all REX/HIE-ISOLDE devices (optics and diagnostics) and all «types» of measurements. Method: Write the script in a text file, which is a sequence of instructions to achieve (get value, set value, slit scan, magnet scan, bunch structure measurement, …). Use algorithmic tools («loop», «if», «load»,…) if necessary. Write the script file name on the Inspector-based application and start the measurements. Visualize and retrieve information during the on-going automation. Plots of scans List of instructions Diagnostic box indicators • Examples: • Transverse beam profiles and total current measurements in all diagnostic boxes. • Multiple quad-scans or energy measurements, with Silicon detectors or Faraday Cups. • Numerous possibilities of combination J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

27. Highlights of the Beam Commissioning: Transverse beam emittance measurements by N. Bidault (BE/OP): Acquisition of transverse beam profiles for different quadrupole focusing strengths , around the waist of the beam. Extract for each beam profile in order to fit to a parabola: , Twissparameters) and emittance are functions of a, b and c > 10 pA ion beams(slits + FC): Verylowintensity ion beams (slits + SD): 14N4+ E = 5.5 MeV/u Breeding Time 45 ms 17O5+ E = 3.1 MeV/u Breeding Time 5 ms Scan current of XT00.RQ.1100 FC, SD and Slits at XT00.BDB.1300 J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017 Quad turned off

28. Outline: • Introduction to the ISOLDE facility • Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac • Highlights of the Beam Commissioning • Highlights of the Physics Campaign • Summary J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

29. Highlights of the Physics Campaign: Number of experiments conducted and number of hours of beam: • Number of experiments: 1 in 2015, 6 in 2016 and 12 in 2017 • Number of hours of radioactive beams: 143 in 2015, 685 in 2016 and 1508 in 2017 • Number of hours of stable beam: 163 in 2015, 152 in 2016 and 492 in 2017 • REX REX/HIE-ISOLDE REX/HIE-ISOLDE number of hours of beam Number of High Energy Experiments at ISOLDE J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017 Physics shifts delivered by discipline

30. Highlights of the Physics Campaign: Remarkable improvement in the reliability of the RF systems: • Downtime due to normal conducting RF systems: • 2016: 8 days down because of failure of the 9gap amplifier + 4.9 % cavity trips • 2017: 6 hours intervention in 7gp2 + 1.3 % cavity trips • Scalability and reproducibility of the set-ups has improved significantly resulting in shorter time in between experiments 2016 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE RF downtime due to cavity trips Avg. 2016 SRF: 2.0 % Avg. 2016 REX RF: 4.9 % Avg. 2017 SRF: 1.1 % Avg. 2017 REX RF: 1.3 % J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

31. Highlights of the Physics Campaign: Remarkable improvement in the reliability of the RF systems: • Downtime due to the superconductingRF systems: • 2016: 2.0 % cavity trips • 2017: 16 hours because of LHe loss in CM1 + 1.1 % cavity trips (0.3 % if 9Li experiment is excluded) 2016 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE RF downtime due to cavity trips Avg. 2016 SRF: 2.0 % Avg. 2016 REX RF: 4.9 % Avg. 2017 SRF: 1.1 % Avg. 2017 REX RF: 1.3 % J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

32. Highlights of the Physics Campaign: The 2017 Physics Campaign: • First radioactive ion beam (RIB): End of wk. 27 • Last RIB: Mid of wk. 48 J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017 Physics shifts delivered by discipline

33. Highlights of the Physics Campaign: The 2017 Physics Campaign: • In addition, different stable beams at a variety of energies were delivered to the three experimental station (15 times totalling ~500 hours) J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017 Physics shifts delivered by discipline

34. Highlights of the Physics Campaign: IS546: Study of the effect of shell stabilization of the collective isovectorvalence-shell excitations along the N=80 isotonic chain • Set-up: • First 9 SRF cavities used • Beam energies: • For 140Nd33+: 4.625 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.3% • For 142Sm33+: 4.625 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.4% • Slow extraction applied (1.5 ms RF pulse) • Main Issues: • Dominant 140Sm beam contaminant during the initial 140Nd33+ beam delivery • Some trips of the 9gp amplifier (waterflowin the RF cavity) • Problem with FC right after GPS separator • Consequences: • Focus of the experiment shifted to the second isotope in the proposal (142Sm) • Experiment extended 2 shifts after target/RILIS optimization increased the 140Nd yields by x20 and reduced the 140Sm contamination to ~25% of the beam Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)

35. Highlights of the Physics Campaign: IS619: Effects of the neutron halo in 15C scattering at energies around the Coulomb barrier • Set-up: • Molecular beam: 15CO+ • One stripping foil used to eliminate or reduce stable contaminants from the REX-EBIS (12C4+, 15N5+, 18O6+) • Second stripping stage ready but not used • First 7 SRF cavities used • Beam energy: 4.375 MeV/u (before foil) – Energy spread: 0.4% • Slow extraction applied (1 ms RF pulse) • Main Issues: • Difficult injection into the Scattering chamber (no FC available, problems interpreting the readings from different detectors in the experimental station) • Problem with FC right after GPS separator Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.) J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

36. Highlights of the Physics Campaign: IS607: The 59Cu(p,α) cross section and its implications for nucleosynthesis in core collapse supernovae • Set-up: • Experimental station behind Scattering chamber at XT03 • Between 4 and 12 SRF cavities used • Five different beam energies: • 4.98 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.6% • 4.71 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.6% • 4.29 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.5% • 3.99 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.5% • 3.61 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.6% • Slow extraction applied (1 ms RF pulse) • Started delivering beam a day ahead of time • Beam intensity at XT03.USER2: ~6E5 pps for 1.86 uA p current • Main Issues: • A few hours of downtime due to problems in the proton injector chain • Direct energy scaling (probably) not working as well as expected (i.e. additional losses in the linac) Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)

37. Outline: • Introduction to the ISOLDE facility • Introduction to the REX/HIE ISOLDE linac • Highlights of the Beam Commissioning • Highlights of the Physics Campaign • Summary J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

38. Summary: • HIE-ISOLDE Phase 2A fully operational (3 cryomodules and 3 HEBTs lines) • Beam Commissioning: • Slow extraction from the REX-EBIS • Different methods to measure beam energy and energy spread developed • Robust procedure to phase the SRF cavities • Initial characterization of transverse and longitudinal beam properties • Software tools, among others: • FESA classes for beam instrumentation (BE/BI) and high-level applications • Monitoring of the status of the accelerator (FBI) • Automated beam measurements • Physics Campaign: • Overall, quite successful Physics Campaigns in 2016 and 2017 (18 experiments conducted, ~2200 hrs of RIBs, ~640 hrs of stable beams) • Remarkable improvement in the reliability of normal and superconducting RF • Better machine scalability and reproducibility of set-ups • The Operations team would like to thank equipment owners for their support during the campaigns! (specially our colleagues in BE/BI, BE/RF, TE/VSC, BE/ABP, EN/STI and EP/SME) J.A. Rodriguez – BE Seminar – Dec. 8th 2017

40. 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE Physics Campaign: IS597: Probing shape coexistence in neutron-deficient 72Se via low energy Coulomb excitation • Set-up: • Molecular beam: 72SeCO • First 7 SRF cavities used • Beam energy: 4.425 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.7% • Slow extraction applied (1 ms RF pulse) • Approximate beam intensities: 1.6E5 pps (combined 72Se19+ and 68Ge18+) at the beginning of the experiment • Main Issues: • Target yields dropped by a factor 2 every ~12 hours • Target pre-baked to reduce contaminants • CO leak did not contribute to the formation of SeCO beam • Dominant 68Ge18+ contaminant from 32S68Ge • Problem with FC right after GPS separator • Trip of electrostatic devices in central line • Consequences: • Experiment stopped earlier than originally planned • Only a small fraction (5-10%) of the requested ion were delivered Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)

41. 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE Physics Campaign: IS569: Solving the shape conundrum in 70Se • Set-up: • New target manufactured and installed (no prebaking). Originally, using the same target as for IS597 was planned • Molecular beams: 70SeCO / 66GeS • First 7 SRF cavities used • Beam energy: 4.395 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.7% • Slow extraction applied (1 ms RF pulse) • Main Issues: • Lower than anticipated 70Se target yields • Dominant 66Ge16+ contaminant • Problem with FC right after GPS separator • Consequences: • Users decided to focus on 66Ge instead of the originally requested 70Se Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)

42. 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE Physics Campaign: IS553: Determination of the B(E3,0+→3−) strength in the octupole-correlated nuclei 142,144Ba using Coulomb excitation • Set-up: • Molecular 144BaF and atomic 144Ba beams • First 7 SRF cavities used • Beam energies: • 4.19 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.7% • 3.39 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.6% • Slow extraction applied (1 ms RF pulse) • Started several days ahead of time • Main Issues: • CF4 gas leak blocked early in the experiment (07/21). 144BaF depleted a few days later (07/26) • Target failed after 4.5E18 protons • Some isobaric beam contaminants reported (Sm, Nd, Ce) • Problem with FC right after GPS separator • Consequences: • 142Ba33+ at 4.2 MeV/u not measured (experiment ended earlier than originally scheduled) Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)

43. 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE Physics Campaign: IS558: Shape Transition and Coexistence in Neutron-Deficient Rare Earth Isotopes • Set-up: • First 8 SRF cavities used • Beam energy: 4.66 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.9% • Slow extraction applied (1 ms RF pulse) • Started two days ahead of original schedule • Main Issues: • Field emission in one of the SRF cavities and tight settings of one of the valves in the cryoline system resulted in higher than normal consumption of LHe • Problem with FC right after GPS separator • Consequences: • Lost 2.5 shifts of Physics until source of the problem with the LHe was understood • Additional set-up time to re-phase some of the SRF cavities Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)

44. 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE Physics Campaign: IS572: Study of shell evolution around the doubly magic 208Pb via a multinucleontransfer reaction with an unstable beam • Set-up: • All SRF cavities used (very stable operations) • Beam energy: 6.21 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.7% • Slow extraction applied (1.5 ms RF pulse) • Main Issues: • Radiation alarms in the hall (CA0 and REX separator) • CERN safety did not approve the reclassification of the ISOLDE hall for the duration of the experiment to be able to run at higher than normal radiation levels • Problem with FC right after GPS separator • Consequences: • Local shielding added • Additional set-up time to reduce (or shift) beam losses to less critical sections of the beam line • Had to operate at a reduced proton current resulting in low statistics on the experiment Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)

45. 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE Physics Campaign: IS562: Transfer Reactions and Multiple Coulomb Excitation in the 100Sn Region • Set-up: • First 8 SRF cavities used • Beam energy: 4.50 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.3% • Slow extraction applied (1.5 ms RF pulse) • Beam intensity at XT01.0900: ~3.2E6 pps for 1.05 uA p current • Main Issues: • Isobaric contaminant 108In with the initial laser ionization scheme • Intervention in 7gp2 amplifier (6 hours of downtime) • DAQ limited • Consequences: • Operated at a reduced proton current due to the high RIB beam intensity Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)

46. 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE Physics Campaign: IS561: Transfer reactions at the neutron dripline with triton target • Set-up: • One stripping foil used to reduce stable contaminants from the REX-EBIS (12C4+, 15N5+, 18O6+) • All SRF cavities used (highest gradients so far) • Beam energy (before foil): 8.04 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.4% • Slow extraction applied (1 ms RF pulse) • Main Issues: • Lower than anticipated target yields (~10% of the proposal) • Difficult injection into the Scattering chamber (some issues with the diagnostics and detectors inside the chamber) • Problems with the movement of the target holder in the experimental station • Frequent trips of several SRF cavities • Proton stop of ~36 hours not planned in original schedule • Problem with FC right after GPS separator • Consequences: • A lot less data than originally planned Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)

47. 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE Physics Campaign: IS547: Coulomb excitation of the two proton-hole nucleus 206Hg • Set-up: • Both VADIS and RILIS ionization tried • First 7 SRF cavities used • Beam energy: 4.195 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.35% • Slow extraction applied (1 ms RF pulse) • Beam intensities at XT01.0900: • VADIS mode: ~5E5(206Hg+3x206Pb) pps for 0.5 uA p current • RILIS mode: ~7.5E5 206Hg pps for 0.63 uA p current • Collections in GLM in parallel (199Hg) • Target heating had to follow the proton current to keep the temperature stable • Main Issues: • 206Pb contamination when operated in VADIS mode • Collections in GLM not compatible with RILIS ionization • Stable contaminants from the REX-EBIS: ~ 0.9E5 130Xe29+ pps • Problem with FC right after GPS separator • Consequences: • Additional time to set-up RILIS and the injection into the REX-TRAP • Several hours of high energy Physics traded for low-energy Physics Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)

48. 2017 REX/HIE-ISOLDE Physics Campaign: IS628: Nuclear moment studies of short-lived excited states towards the Island of Inversion. g factor of 28Mg (2+) using TDRIV on H-like ions • Set-up: • First 12 SRF cavities used • Beam energy: 5.505 MeV/u – Energy spread: 0.3% • Stable beam before RIB: 121 hours of 22Ne7+ • Slow extraction applied (1 ms RF pulse) • Beam intensity at XT01.0900: ~2E6 pps for 1uA proton current • No SRF trips (relatively low average gradient) • Main Issues: • Activity built-up in the experimental station (high background) • IH structure trips due to water flow interlock • Consequences: • Proton current limited to ~ 0.5 uA Beam transmission/efficiency (approx.)