101 likes | 302 Views
Education in Russia. Jillian Vinciguerra AP English February 18, 2013. Early Education. First Education systems: Focused on technical subjects Directly related to war Prosecution of war Buildings of a navy Running the government Education=prerequisite for advancement
E N D
Education in Russia Jillian Vinciguerra AP English February 18, 2013
Early Education • First Education systems: • Focused on technical subjects • Directly related to war • Prosecution of war • Buildings of a navy • Running the government • Education=prerequisite for advancement • Western Ways of Life-> Upper class • 1760’s- Demand for Western art. And cultural works
Major Reform • Government- restrictions on universities (1866) • Zemstra- To establish uniform curriculum • 1897- literate people = 28.4% of population • Literate women = 13% • After Bolshevik Revolution: • Attention shifted to political propaganda • Forbidding religious teachings
Major Reform (Cont.) • October 1918- Schools came under Commissariat for Education • Designated by the name uniform labor school • System developed
System • Divided into 2 standards • Children from 8-13 • Children from 14-17 • Destruction of economy= drop in enrolled students • 1914- 91% of children enrolled in school • 1918- 62% of children enrolled in school • 1920- 24.9% of children enrolled in school • Illiteracy grew rapidly
System (Cont.) • Since 1918- all schools were co-educational • 1943- Urban schools split into boys and girls • 1954- mixed- sex education restored • 1950- M.O.E. began to promote specialty schools • 1960-1980- number of children enrolled increased • By 1970 99.7% of people were literate
Organization • System organized into 3 levels • Elementary: beginning level (3-4 classes) • Secondary: incomplete secondary (7-8 classes) • Complete: 10-11 classes to complete secondary • Higher: degree level facilities; universities, institutes & military academies
Summary • Early Education: focused on battle strategy, preparing for war • Reform: introduced many changes, more government involvement, Western Ways • Post-Revolution: Systems established; 2 standards • Destruction of Economy • System organized into 3 levels: Elementary, Secondary and Higher
Summary (Cont.) • Education organized by Government-run systems • Foundation depends on fields of: • Engineering • Natural sciences • Life sciences • Social sciences