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Review

Review. Important Points from Earlier Chapters through In-class Exam #3. Reminders. Today we have course evaluation. This will be followed by a review of what you should know for the final. I will then go through a number of sample problems.

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Review

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  1. Review Important Points from Earlier Chapters through In-class Exam #3.

  2. Reminders • Today we have course evaluation. • This will be followed by a review of what you should know for the final. • I will then go through a number of sample problems. • Finally, you are encouraged to ask questions about things you don’t understand. • We pick up with Chapter 13 having started the review on Tuesday.

  3. Review: Intro, Ch 1, and Ch 3. • Difference between scientific knowledge and unsubstantiated belief. • Ways we know rather than merely believe. • Heliocentrism and geocentrism – the models: • Homocentric spheres of Eudoxus. • Ptolemaic model including epicycles and deferents and how they explained the varying lengths of the seasons (equants). • Aristotle’s arguments against Earth’s motion. • Proofs of the size (Eratosthenes) and shape of the Earth.

  4. Review continued • Copernican, Tychonic, and Keplerian models • The telescopic observations of Galileo and how they crushed the Ptolemaic model but did NOT prove heliocentrism. • The trial of Galileo: (including special reading) • Empirical evidence not considered because this was not a trial of science, rather a trial of authority. • Galileo was suspected of heresy because he threatened the Greek basis for the existence of God and he did not take Bible literally. • Kepler’s 3 laws of planetary motion.

  5. Review: Chapter 4. • Role of Galileo in creating modern empirical science; claims based on observable evidence. • Constant and accelerated motion graphs. • slope, intercept, area under lines or curves. • Equations and definitions: • x = xo + vt (constant motion) • v = vo + at (constant acceleration) • x = xo + vot + 1/2at2 (accelerated motion)

  6. Review: Chapter 6. • Differences between vectors and scalars. • Displacement (D) and distance (d) • Velocity (v) and speed (s) • Distinctions – instantaneous and average speed or velocity. • v = ΔD/t s = Δx/t • The effect of acceleration upon velocity. • How to calculate average speed…

  7. Review: Chapter 7 • Newton’s three laws of motion: • Law of inertia, F=ma, FAB = -FBA • F = mΔv/Δt (leads to impulse-momentum relation) • How a horse CAN pull a cart despite third law • Solving problems using these laws of motion. • Momentum, p = mv • Solving problems using conservation of momentum principle, pi = pf

  8. Review: Chapter 8 • Work-energy relationship, Fd = ΔE (not be confused with impulse-momentum relationship, FΔt = mΔv) • Conservation of energy, Ei = Ef • Energy and power definitions: • KE = ½mv2 • PEg= mgh • PEe = ½kx2 • P = E/t

  9. Review: Chapter 9 • Newton’s law of universal gravitation was derived from a study of the moon’s orbit in comparison to the fall of an “apple” • W = mg where g = -GM/r2 = -9.81m/s2 • Fg = -GMm/r2 • PEg = -GMm/r (analogous to PEg = mgh but not the same because g varies with height)

  10. Review: Chapter 11 • Definitions of wave forms: transverse and longitudinal • Definitions: • Amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed, period • T = 1/f and λf = v • Note well that v = c = 3 x 108m/s if we are dealing with electromagnetic radiation • Polarization, interference, diffraction • The Doppler effect, Δλ/λ = v/c (non-relativistic)

  11. Review: Chapter 12 • Evidence for + and – charges. • Coulomb’s law: • F = kq1q2/r2 • Parallel to Newton’s law of gravitation • Electric fields: • replace “action at a distance” • Forces propagated at the speed of light • Field lines and the “test particle” • F = Eq (E, field strength, is measured in N/C)

  12. Review: Chapter 13 • Faraday – first produced electricity from magnetism and introduced magnetic field • Örsted – discovers that flowing electrical charges produce a magnetic field. • Earth’s magnetic field: • Earth’s south magnetic pole in northern hemisphere • Produced by a poorly understood dynamo effect • Electricity is produced by spinning a coil of wire in the presence of a magnetic field. • Current flow is related to the time-rate change of flux.

  13. And finally… • The Julia N. Visor Academic Center probably will be offering a Finals Review session for PHY 102

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