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Biosecurity

Biosecurity. Dr. Pepi Leids NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets Division of Animal Industry. Modified by the GA Agriculture Education Curriculum Office July 2002. Why Should You Care?. Infectious diseases cost dairy producers production and profit

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Biosecurity

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  1. Biosecurity Dr. Pepi Leids NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets Division of Animal Industry Modified by the GA Agriculture Education Curriculum Office July 2002

  2. Why Should You Care? • Infectious diseases cost dairy producers production and profit • We are seeing increases in antibiotic resistance, making diseases harder to treat effectively • We are in the FOOD business

  3. Why Should You Care? • Many clinical diseases represent the tip of the iceberg • Johne’s: 1 clinical = 15 - 25 subclinically infected • $228/lactating cow • BVD: 1 infected = persistently infected calves for years • $475/lactating cow

  4. Why Biosecurity? • Preventive approach to herd health • Reduce the herd’s risk for contracting or spreading a disease • Often requires only management changes, not capital investment

  5. What is Biosecurity? A collection of management practices which protect a herd from the entry of new diseases and minimizes the spread and/or adverse effects of disease within a herd.

  6. The Animal Health Triad

  7. Disease Immunity and Challenge Subclinical Disease, Poor Production, Reduced Efficiency Disease Immunity (Immunity x Environment) Challenge (Disease Agent x Environment)

  8. Putting Biosecurity to Work • Minimize exposure to disease agents • Develop immunity • Manage environment to support above points

  9. Reducing Exposure to Disease • Consider the paths for disease entry or spread • Cattle • purchased animals, heifers returning from grower, show animals • Manure • Pests, pets, wildlife • Feed • Water • Take steps to minimize your risk

  10. Cattle • Single source you can inspect • Known health history • Primary & secondary vaccine weeks before move • Test as appropriate • BVD-PI, Johne’s, contagious mastitis, heel warts, salmonella • Protect the home herd

  11. Transport • Insist on clean transport • washed between uses • 60% of trucks contaminated with salmonella • Don’t group animals from other farms • Trained, conscientious haulers • Minimize stress

  12. Minimize Animal Contact • Pets • cats, dogs, chickens, geese • Pests • rodents, birds, wildlife

  13. Manure Management • Avoid mixing with feed • Consider flows • near feed storage • near youngstock • Watch for carriers • equipment • people • spreading

  14. Feedstuffs - Mill to Farm • Rodent and bird control in feedmills • vectors for many bacterial diseases • Cleanliness of delivery trucks • alternatives to delivery at the barn • Drivers enter facilities only when necessary

  15. Keep Feed Clean • Rodent and bird control in storage • Don’t use manure equipment in feed handling • Preach caution in pushing up feed • Be alert for areas where manure could mix with feed

  16. Don’t Tolerate Fomites • Every visitor should clean & sanitize: • clothes • boots • hands • equipment • Discourage visitors from: • entering facilities unnecessarily • parking near or working with youngstock • moving between different groups unnecessarily • Consider the order of work routines

  17. Manage the Environment • Increase cow comfort through: • Good stall design • assess utilization, lunging, & resting posture • Proper ventilation • Proper footing • Grouping cattle to decrease disruption

  18. Maternity pen is the highest priority area clean and dry single use not a hospital pen separate from cows motel 6 Calving Area Management

  19. Neonatal Management • Test for BVD-PI status before colostrum • Colostrum • 4 quarts ASAP • from calf’s own dam or Johne’s free cow • NO pooled colostrum • Dip navel • Remove calf ASAP

  20. Environment • Nutrition • balanced for growth or production • analyze & supplement • Vit. A & E, Cu, Se, Zn • avoid molds & mycotoxins • suppress immunity • pay attention to forage moisture levels and particle length • can alter rumen and intestinal pH, making harmful bugs more viable

  21. Immunity • Consult with your own & customers’ vets • Establish vaccination program which addresses diseases from all your customers • Keep records of vaccinations

  22. Role of vaccines & colostrum protects calf from diseases transferred across placenta provides important passive immunity for the calf should take into account any bugs that heifers might encounter on your farm Cow & Calf Immunity

  23. Summary • Avoid the entry or spread of pathogens • cattle, manure, feed, water, equipment, people • Manage the environment to: • reduce spread of disease • optimize immunity • Maximize immunity • optimal passive transfer: fetal & colostral • sound vaccination program rigorously adhered to

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