1 / 38

Tropical Forages Program

Tropical Forages Program. Annual Program Review 2011 Nairobi, Kenya 10 May 2011. Michael Peters Brigitte Maass Rein van der Hoek. Tropical Forages. Feed for animals - ruminants and monogastrics NRM – soil fertility maintenance, reversing land degradation

nam
Download Presentation

Tropical Forages Program

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Tropical Forages Program Annual Program Review 2011 Nairobi, Kenya10 May 2011 • Michael Peters • Brigitte Maass • Rein van der Hoek

  2. Tropical Forages • Feed for animals - ruminants and monogastrics • NRM – soil fertility maintenance, reversing land degradation • Mitigating climate change – reducing GHG emissions, carbon sequestration • Providing smallholders with higher value options in stressed environments • Forages are central to CIAT’s strategic directions towards eco-efficiency, achieving resilient and productive agricultural systems with a reduced environmental footprint

  3. Program Goal and Objective • The goal of the Tropical Forages Program is to improve livelihoods of poor rural crop-livestock producers while contributing to eco-efficiency of production systems • The objective of the Tropical Forages Program is to explore the benefits of multipurpose forages for improving agricultural productivity while reducing the ecological footprint of crop-livestock systems

  4. Two Outputs • Forage germplasm developed through collection, selection and breeding • Grass and legume development, phenotypic evaluation for stress adaptation, genotyping for stress tolerance • Forages as high value products developed and forage options integrated into smallholder crop-livestock systems to realize livelihood and environmental benefits • Inclusion of forages into systems to increase resilience, mitigate climate change, generate income and reduce labor, supported by knowledge tools and seed systems

  5. Linked mainly with three CRPs • CRP 1.2 Humid Systems • Integration of forages into crop-livestock systems, including NR integrity • CRP 3.7 Livestock and Fish • Grass and legume development, integration of forages in livestock value chains (cattle and pigs) • CRP 7 Climate Change • Exploring the contribution of forages to mitigate climate change • CRP 5 through Systems Integration

  6. Three Priority Regions • Latin America and the Caribbean • Germplasm Development, High Value Opportunities, Livelihoods and Environment • Focus countries: Nicaragua, Honduras, Colombia, Haiti • Southeast Asia • Livelihoods, High Value Opportunities (Environment) • Focuscountries: Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand • Eastern, Central and Southern Africa • High Value Opportunities, Livelihoods • Focus countries: DR Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

  7. Tropical Forage Program R&D Strategy Forage germplasm development Eco-efficientagriculture Releases of stress adapted and productiveforages Increasedincome and reduced labor Increasedsmallholdercompetitiveness Reversinglanddegradation Mitigation of climatechange High valueforages to capture differentiatedmarkets Productivity and nutritivevalue Adaptationto biotic/abiotic stresses Forages included into crop-livestock systems to realize livelihood and environmental benefits Seedproduction Management Processing

  8. Business plan Targets 2010 and 2011 (so far)

  9. Target 2010: Brachiaria hybrids commercially available Seed of two Brachiaria hybrids (Mulato and Mulato II) is currently on the market A new Brachiaria hybrid BR02/1752: several hundred kg of seed multiplied and tested in a range of countries via private sector in early 2011 An additional Brachiariahybrid (BR02/1794) for testing under grazing in several locations

  10. Target 2010: Supplementation of village pigs with the legume Stylosanthesguianensis (Laos) Adoption of Stylo 184 was successful due to a well-coordinated extension approach facilitated through a Learning Alliance, created by CIAT-Asia By the end of the project it was used by at least 1000 small farm households for pig production

  11. Target 2010: Supplementation of village pigs with the legume Stylosanthesguianensis (Laos) Cont. A joint scaling-out process helped adoption to take place from the project intervention area in 3 districts and 2 provinces (yellow) to 18 new districts and 7 additional provinces through NGOs and governmental extension offices

  12. Target 2011: Two new forage options for smallholder pig and poultry systems identified • Up to 33% and 20% herbage meal of Vignaunguiculata 9611 in the total diet to fatten pigs and chicken, respectively, can replace costly concentrates because no significant effect on live weight gain was found when compared to a balanced control • Herbage meal of Canavaliabrasiliensis CIAT 17009 was highly palatable for both pigs and chicken. Therefore, this legume can be included in the diet in a lower percentage than cowpea, as feed conversion was affected

  13. Target 2010: Production versus environmental trade-offs determined in use of cover legumes • Major attributes • Deep rooting ability contributes to efficient use of resources (nutrients and water) keeping the crop green throughout the dry season • Fixes 20-50 kg N/ha until well into the dry season as green manure in the traditional maize-bean system • Increasesanimal feed availability and quality leading to5 kg/day/ha more milk Canavalia brasiliensis: a climatehardycovercrop • Perspectives • Tolerant also to waterlogging conditions and shade • Farmers engaged in validation and seed production • Submitted for cultivar release in Nicaragua 2011 (Colombia 2013)

  14. Target 2011: Brachiaria hybrids with combined resistance to spittlebugs and tolerance to waterloggingdeveloped • We identified a total of 9 hybrids with combined resistance to spittlebugs and tolerance to waterlogging 3 hybrids of BR02NO series (1752/1794/1372) 3 hybrids of BR05NO series (0563/0760/1467) 3 hybrids of BR06NO series (0387/1000/1175)

  15. Target 2011: Brachiaria hybrids with combined resistance to spittlebugs and tolerance to waterlogging tested in 2 contrasting regions in LAC • A set of 10 germplasm accessions of B. humidicola and 10 hybrids of Brachiaria are being tested for tolerance to waterlogging conditions by NARS partners (Corpoica, INTA, IDIAP) at 3 locations in Colombia, 2 locations in Nicaragua and 1 location in Panama

  16. Target 2011: Tropical forage legumes identified that combine high productivity, nutritional value and tolerance to waterlogging • Three accessions each of 3 legumes were identified as promising • Canavaliabrasiliensis (CIAT 905/7648/17009) • Stylosanthesguianensis (CIAT 11995/178/146) • Arachispintoi (CIAT 22268/22342/22233)

  17. Target 2011: Diversity and agronomic value of world collection of Tadehagitriquetrum assessed • Large morphological and phenological diversity, e.g., growth habit (prostrate - erect) and maturity (45 - 299 days to first flower) • Dry matter production up to 111 and 370 g DM/plant/8 weeks in dry and wet season, respectively • Nutritive value low

  18. Target 2011: Alternative forage options for feeding monogastrics tested in tropical LAC, Asia and Africa • Stylo was adopted by more than 1,000 farmers in Laos as a green feed for pigs – why? • Green feeds are essential to supply protein and minerals to pigs, and farmers use a broad spectrum of leafy species • Feeding Stylo increased growth rates of growers and finishers from 100 to 200-300 g/day • Time needed to feed pigs reduced (women saved 1–1.5 hours each day) • Farmers only needed small areas of Stylo, 150-200 m2 per pig • Stylo could be fed fresh – no cooking required

  19. Target 2011: Alternative forage options for feeding monogastrics tested in LAC, Asia and Africa Cont. • Evaluation of protein-richforages, e.g., Vignaunguiculata(cowpea),Lablabpurpureus, Cajanuscajan (pigeon pea) • Strategiesaimed at smallholdersforproduction/use toimproveproductivity and profitability of monogastrics • Farmer managed trials with pigs • Substitution of 50% of maize or sorghum by forage legumes maintains or increases growth at low performance level • High interest from smallholders, especially women

  20. Target 2011: Forage processing/conservation options evaluated and optimized for enhanced nutrient availability in monogastric animals 1 - Control 2 - 2% Sugar 3 - LAB 4 - LAB+Sugar Good Satisfactory Poor mean median • For all 11 forage species tested (10 legumes), it was possible to achieve at least an acceptable silage quality, using adequate additives

  21. Target 2011: Forage processing/conservation options evaluated and optimized for enhanced nutrient availability in monogastric animals Recommendations for ensiling tropical legume species and Mulato II General rule: all herbages should be wilted to a DM content ≥ 30 % !!! Cont.

  22. Degradation of anti-nutritive compounds by fermentation • Ensiling decreased condensed tannins in forages • Moreover, the combined additive of Lactobacillus sp. CIAT S 66.7 with sugar helped decomposing oxalic acid AM before ensiling; C Control silage; SU 2% sugar; LAB Lactobacillus sp.; LAB+SU combined

  23. And more highlights

  24. Advances Brachiariahumidicola • Broad-based, sexually reproducing breeding population is being synthesized • A bi-parental, hybrid mapping population (n=135) has been produced for genetic marker studies of BNI trait • 118 putatively apomictic novel hybrid genotypes being multiplied and evaluated for BNI, seed set, etc.  Crossing block at CIAT-Popayán, of sexual B. humidicola hybrid clones

  25. Evaluation of sexual material (SX08NO) – 2010 • 292 hybrids screened for resistance to Rhizoctoniasolani • 182 hybrids screened for resistance to spittlebug nymphs • 109 hybrids screened for resistance to spittlebug adults Rhizoctoniasolani P.simulans Z.carbonaria A.reducta A.varia

  26. Multiple resistance screenings: Brachiaria spittlebug adults spittlebug nymphs B. Brizantha x decumbems B. humidicola Resistant Intermediate Susceptible

  27. Agroforestry practices with forage components • Integration of livestock component into “Quesungual” (Nicaragua/Honduras) slash and mulch agroforestry system with maize and beans as major crops (Nicaragua-Honduras) • Forage components • Brachiariashybrid cv. Mulato II and B.brizantha cv. Toledoto increase animal production in combination with forage legumes (for animal feed and crop rotation) • Shrub legumes (i.e., Cratyliaargentea, Leucaenaleucocephala)

  28. Value-Chain Analysis of Monogastrics in LAC • Nutritional balance shows a diet deficient in both energy (45% for laying hens and 14% for growing pigs) and protein (57% for laying hens and 45% for growing pigs), with protein being the greatest constraint • Forage legumes to supplement poultry and pigs can be highly profitable to increase both the production of pigs for additional income and the production of poultry meat and eggs for improved family nutrition

  29. Value-Chain Analysis of Monogastrics in LAC Cont. • Meat price is the most important attribute for consumer preference in both Nicaragua and Colombia • Thus, reducing feed costs by including legumes in feed rations can increase the competitiveness of smallholder producers of monogastrics

  30. System change through forages (example Vietnam) Market opportunity: Farmers plant forages to improve animal productivity Penning system allows AI and controlled breeding activities, improves biosecurity, manure collection New breeds: ‘smart feeding’ Move animals from free grazing to confinement Farmer clubs: forum for technical advice and tool of empowerment Change in perception: What do traders want to buy, how to supply this specific product? Traders get interested in reliable and constant animal supply: contract fattening Interest in improved breeds Change from asset-based, low-input system to a commodity-based intensified production system

  31. Opportunities

  32. Growth Areas/New Initiatives • Reducing the environmental footprint of agriculture (mitigation of climate change, restoration of degraded lands) • Forage options for small and monogastric livestock species emphasizing livelihoods of women farmers • Forage conservation • Africa (strategy review forthcoming) • Latin America consolidation and reengagement • Asia consolidation and realizing new opportunities

  33. Key elements of forage Africa strategy • Select regional priorities in relation to market opportunities and drivers • Define needs for (participatory) evaluation of forage options, and integration of improved forages to contribute to livestock and crop production and eco-efficiency of crop-livestock systems • Define avenues for institutional innovation, capacity building, and dissemination of forage technologies • Indicate needs and develop an approach for forage seed systems • Indicate partnership and linkage opportunities, such as NARS, NGOs, FBOs/CSOs, CG centers • Link the strategy to the CGIAR Strategic Results Framework, in particular to CRPs 1.2 and 3.7

  34. Advances SSA • EADD (East Africa Dairy Development project) – Collaboration (with ILRI) in KEN, RWA, UGA • N2Africa – legumes for integrated soil fertility management (with TSBF) – collaboration in KEN, RWA, DRC In the pipeline • Tanzania – dairy value chain • Uganda – pig systems

  35. Advances LAC • Agreement Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarollo Rural (MADR) and Corpoica Colombia – Orinoquia • Cuba, Haiti, Amazonas • Platform for forage research in Central America and the Caribbean • Strengthen collaboration with CATIE and non-traditional partners, e.g., international NGOs

  36. Advances Asia Rice based systems Southern Laos Intensifying linkages with China (sub-tropical region)

  37. Issues – maintaining capacity • Issues of critical mass, with expressed need for work in regions • Succession Plan (NRS and IRS) • Fund raising

  38. Thank you Algeria Neolithic Revolution: About 8500 years ago agriculture emerged, including small animals. Cattle production emerged about 6500 years ago. These crop-livestock systems had tremendous effects on the evolution of societies Altamira, España

More Related