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Simulations for a Houston ozone episode & the NYC DHS MSG tracer study with an urbanized MM5

Simulations for a Houston ozone episode & the NYC DHS MSG tracer study with an urbanized MM5. R. Bornstein * , R. Balmori E. Weinroth, H. Taha San Jose State University San Jose, CA * pblmodel@hotmail.com Presented at AMS Urban-Coastal Conference Sept 2007. Acknowledgements. Data

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Simulations for a Houston ozone episode & the NYC DHS MSG tracer study with an urbanized MM5

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  1. Simulations for a Houston ozone episode & the NYC DHS MSG tracer study with an urbanized MM5 R. Bornstein*, R. Balmori E. Weinroth, H. Taha San Jose State University San Jose, CA *pblmodel@hotmail.com Presented at AMS Urban-Coastal Conference Sept 2007

  2. Acknowledgements • Data • S. Burian, J. Ching • TCEQ, USFS • D. Byun • Urbanization scheme of • A. Martilli • S. Dupont • Funds: • Past: NSF, USAID, DHS • Pending: DTRA

  3. OUTLINE • Introduction • Current uMM5 Applications • Houston ozone • NYC tracer study • Future: uWRF • Conclusion

  4. Recent Meso-met Model Urbanization • Need to urbanize momentum, thermo , & TKE • surface & SfcBL diagnostic-Eqs. • PBL prognostic-Eqs. • Start: veg-canopy model (Yamada 1982) • Veg-param replacedwith GIS/RS urban-param/data • Brown and Williams (1998) • Masson (2000) • Martilli et al. (2001) in TVM/URBMET • Dupont, Ching, et al. (2003) in EPA/MM5 • Taha et al. (2005), Balmori et al. (2006) in uMM5: detailed input urban-parameters as f(x,y) for our two applications

  5. uMM5 for Houston Goal: Accurate urban/rural temps & winds for Aug 2000 O3 episode via • uMM5 • Houston LU/LC & urban morphology parameters from S. Burian • TexAQS2000 field-study data • USFS urban-reforestation scenarios  UHI & O3 changes

  6. uMM5 Simulation period: 22-26 August 2000 • Model configuration • 5 domains: 108, 36, 12, 4, 1 km • (x, y) grid points: (43x53, 55x55, 100x100, 136x151, 133x141 • full-s levels: 29 in D 1-4 & 49 in D-5; lowest ½ s-level=7 m • 2-way feedback in D 1-4 • Parameterizations/physics options > Grell cumulus (D 1-2) > ETA or MRF PBL (D 1-4) > Gayno-Seaman PBL (D-5) > Simple ice moisture, > urbanization module NOAH LSM > RRTM radiative cooling • Inputs > NNRP Reanalysis fields, ADP obs data > Burian morphology from LIDAR building-data in D-5 > LU/LC modifications (from Byun)

  7. D-5: UTC episode-day obs of meso O3 transport-patterns: influences of sea breeze & UHI-convergence • GC influences: small • Air-mass movement: First along-shore(to west) from: flow along N-edge of cold-core atm-low • Then: Ship-Channel to Houston by Bay Breeze & UHI-convergence max O3 • Finally: to NW of Houston by Gulf Breeze

  8. H H Episode-day Synoptics: 8/25, 12 UTC (08 DST) Surface 700 hPa 700 hPa & sfc GC H’s: at weakest (no gradient) over Texas  meso-scale forcing (sea breeze & UHI convergence) dominates

  9. D-1 D-2 L D-3 MM5: episode day, 3 PM( all graphs: flag = 5 m/s)> D–1: reproduces weak GC p-grad & flow> D-2: weak coastal-L > D-3: well-formed L along-shore V

  10. Domain 4 (3 PM) : cyclone off-Houston only on O3-day (25th)  Episode day L L

  11. Urbanized Domain 5: near-sfc 3-PM V, 4-days Hot Cool • Episode day Cold-L

  12. HGA Kriege Tx2000 obs uMM5 HGA obs Along-shore flow, 8/25 (episode day): obs at 1500 UTC vs uMM5 (D-5) at 2000 UTC D-5 (red box) uMM5 captured HGA obs of along-shore flow (from SST- BC cold-low) C

  13. 1 km uMM5 Houston UHI: 8 PM, 21 Aug • Upper L:MM5UHI (2.0 K) • Upper R: uMM5 UHI (3.5 K) • Lower L: (uMM5-MM5) UHI LU/LC error

  14. UHI UHI Cold OBS: 1 PM uMM5: 3 PM 8/23 Daytime 2-m UHI: obs vs uMM5 (D-5) H

  15. C C C C UHI-Induced Convergence: obs vs. uMM5 OBSERVED uMM5

  16. Base-case (current) • veg-cover (0.1’s) • urban min (red) • rural max (green) min Modeled changes of veg-cover (0.01’s) > Urban-reforestation (green) > Rural-deforestation (purple) max increase

  17. Run 12 (urban reforestation) minus Run 10 (base case): 2-m ∆T at 4 PMreforested central urban-area cools &surrounding deforested rural-areas warm

  18. Max-impact of –0.9 K of a 3.5 K Noon-UHI, of which 1.5 K was from uMM5 Ru U1 U2 sea DUHI(t) for Base-case minus Runs 15-18 • UHI =Average-T in urban-box minus that in rural-box • Runs 15-18:different urban re-forestation scenarios • DUHI=Run-17 UHI minus Run-13 UHI (max effect) • Reduced UHI lower max-O3 (not shown)  • EPA emission-reduction credits  $ saved

  19. uMM5 for NYC DHS MSG UDS Goal: Accurate urban/rural temps & winds for 9-15 March‘05 tracer releases via • uMM5 • NYC LU/LC & urban morphology parameters from S. Burian • DHS MSG UDS field-study data • met • tracer

  20. Obs of UDS Tracer Periods • GC influences during tracer periods • Midtown: weak, slow synoptic speed • MSG: strong, fast synoptic speeds • Sea breeze & UHI influences • Midtown: strong, with UHI-convergence • MSG: weak • Urban-barrier influences • Midtown: weak • MSG: strong, with urban barrier divergence • Modeling studies by • Midtown: Pullen, Holt, Thompson at NRL • MSG: This presentation

  21. NYC uMM5 DHS UDS MSG: 9-15 March ‘05 Model configuration 4 domains: 36, 12, 4, 1 km (x, y) grid points: (110x85, 91x91, 91x91, 33x33) full-s levels: 29 in D 1-3 & 48 in D-4; lowest ½ s-level=7 m 2-way feedback in D 1-3 Parameterizations/physics options > Grell cumulus (D 1-2) > ETA or MRF PBL (D 1-4) > Gayno-Seaman PBL (D-5) > Simple ice moisture, > urbanization module NOAH LSM > RRTM radiative cooling Inputs > NNRP Reanalysis fields, ADP obs data > Burian morphology from LIDAR building-data in D-5 > LU/LC modifications (from Byun)

  22. D03 4 MM5 domains D04

  23. 1900 UTC, 3/11/05, MM5 Domain 3: Sfc-T(K) & synoptic wave-cyclone V ( flag = 5 m/s) C W W

  24. Concurrent Domain-4 uMM5 Streamlines z = 60 m AGL & A-B is plane of following x-section Downwind convergence A Slowing & divergence B

  25. Concurrent Domain-4 uMM5 Streamlines & Speed (purple lines, m/s) at 60 (left) & 700 (right) m AGL Note z-cells from urban-induced con- & divergence 700 m 60 m A A B B 1000 m

  26. Concurrent Domain 4 uMM5 Speed (m/s, where flag = 5 m/s) at 60 (left) & 700 (right) m AGL slow slow fast fast Note large urban z0 speed-min downwind of Manhattan & Brooklyn (this is high-speed, non-UHI period)

  27. Concurrent domain 4 uMM5 Div (1/s) & Wind (flag = 5 m/s) at 60 (left) & 700 (right) m AGL D C D C D D Note convergence (C) over Manhattan, as roughness slows wind Also compensating divergence (D) around convergence area

  28. Concurrent Domain4- uMM5: w (m/s) & V (m/s) at 60 (left) and 700 (right) m AGL + - - - - + Note up-motion (+) over Manhattan conv-area (of previous fig) & compensating down-motion (-) in div-area around Manhattan

  29. Pending: uWRF • uWRF with NCAR (F. Chen) for DTRA • Martilli-Dupont urbanization • Burian lidar urban-parameters as f(x,y) • Taha stat-generalization of Burian urban-parameters for areas w/o lidar-obs • Freedman PBL-turbulence scheme • Zilitinkevich SfcBL stability-functions, zoh, etc. • Steyn diagnostic hi(x,y) scheme • SST (x,y,t) from J. Pullen

  30. SJSU MM5 or uMM5 met output fields are available for ozone (design-day cases) and/or 4-D BCs for CFD &/or quick ER models for • SFBA (MM5) • Houston (uMM5) • NYC (uMM5) • LA Basin (MM5) • Israel (RAMS & MM5)

  31. ThanksQuestions?

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