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Cell Theory and the Cell

Cell Theory and the Cell. Cell Theory. Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke He looked at a slice of dried cork All living things are comprised of cells. Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms. Cells come from previously existing cells. Cell Diversity.

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Cell Theory and the Cell

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  1. Cell Theory and the Cell

  2. Cell Theory • Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke • He looked at a slice of dried cork • All living things are comprised of cells. • Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms. • Cells come from previously existing cells.

  3. Cell Diversity • Lots of shapes and sizes

  4. Typical Cell

  5. Cell Organization

  6. Cell Organization • The cell • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Cytosol • Organelles

  7. Cell Membrane • Outer boundary • Physical • Chemical • Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat) • Outer and inner layers • Proteins • Proteins give the cell its unique “personality” or function

  8. Cell Membrane

  9. Function of Membrane Proteins • Transport (in and out of cell) • Receptors • Cell adhesion • Cell recognition

  10. Cell Organization

  11. Cytoplasm • Is comprised of: • Cytosol • Organelles

  12. Cytosol • Intracellular fluid • Contains dissolved nutrients, ions, proteins and waste products

  13. Organelles • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • A network of membrane-bound tunnels throughout the cytoplasm

  14. Endoplasmic Reticulum

  15. Two Types of ER • Rough ER (rER) • Smooth ER (sER) • Names based on appearance

  16. ER Rough ER Smooth ER

  17. rER • Has particles attached to outside of membrane

  18. Ribosomes • These particles attached to rER are ribosomes. • Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis within every cell.

  19. sER • sER doesn’t have ribosomes attached. • sER function – lipid (fat) synthesis

  20. Golgi Apparatus • Flattened membranes • Involved in packaging and secretion of proteins

  21. Golgi Apparatus

  22. Mitochondria • Bean shaped • Outer and inner membranes

  23. Mitochondria • Inner membrane folded into cristae • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced on cristae. • ATP is high energy compound. • ATP only produced in mitochondria.

  24. Nucleus

  25. Nucleus • Control center of cell • Contains DNA/chromosomes • Genetic repository for ~ 35,000 genes • Genes control the synthesis of proteins in each cell. • Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus. • Skeletal muscle cells have multiple nuclei.

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