Chapter 1

1. Chapter 1 Living Things Grow and Change

2. Living things grow, respond, and reproduce • Reproduce – make more of one’s own kind. Living Things and Their Needs • Living things are called organisms. • Living things need food, water, gases, and space. • Living things get what they need from the environment. • Environment – all the living and nonliving things that surround an organism. • Living things are made of many small parts called cells. • Cells – the building blocks of life.

3. Living and Nonliving Living Things Nonliving Things

4. Plant Life Cycles • Seed – a structure that can grow into a new plant. • Embryo – the young plant that is just beginning to grow. Step 1: A seed is planted in the soil. Step 2: The seed germinates. Roots start growing down into the soil. Step 3: The roots grow longer, and a stem pushes up out of the ground. Step 4: The plant grows leaves. It starts to make its own food. Step 5: The plant grows into an adult. It can reproduce and make new seeds.

5. Plant Life Cycles • Flower (Cone) – the plant structure that makes seeds. • Pollination – the movement of pollen from the male part of the flower to the female part. • Fruit – a structure that holds seeds. • Life Cycle – the stages in an organisms life.

6. Life Cycle • When a seed is planted it germinates (begins to grow) • The seed grows into a small plant called a seedling • The seedling grows into an adult plant which reproduces by making new seeds • The new seeds travel to the soil to start the process again • Flowering Plants – make seeds inside of flowers. • Example: Cherry Tree • Conifers – make seeds inside of cones. • Example: Pine Tree

7. Parts of a Plant Flower leaves Stem Roots

8. Basic Animal Life Cycle • An animal is born • It grows • It reproduces as an adult • In time it dies • Body breaks down and becomes part of the soil

9. Animal Life Cycles • Different animals change in different ways. • Some are born looking like their parents and others are not. • The way an animal changes with age is part of its life cycle.

10. Amphibians and Most Insects • Go through a metamorphosis • A series of changes in which an organism’s body changes forms. • Life Cycle begins as an egg

12. Reptiles, Fish, and Birds • Most lay eggs • Animal grows inside the egg • When it hatches it looks like the adults • Grows into an adult and reproduces

14. Mammals • Born live • Look much like parents from the start • Grow into an adult and reproduce

15. Food Chains • Food chain – shows how energy passes from one organism to another. • Producer – organism that makes its own food. • First in a food chain • Example – green plants & algae • Consumer – organism that eats other organisms. • All animals • One food chain may have many • Decomposer – an animal that breaks down dead plant and animal material. (FBI) • Fungus, bacteria, and invertebrate

17. Food Web • Several connecting food chains • Herbivores – organisms that eat mostly plants • Carnivores – organisms that eat mostly other animals • Omnivores – organisms that eat both plants and animals

19. Habitats • Habitat – the type of environment a living thing needs in order to survive • Climate – the pattern of weather in a place over a long time • There are many different kinds of habitats

20. Structures • Plants and animals have structures that help them get the things they need from their environment • Structure – a part of a living thing • Plants – roots, stems, leaves, etc. • Animals – legs, wings, beaks, etc.

21. Adaptations • Organisms must live in a habitat that provides their needs. • Adaptations help living things survive in an environment • Adaptation – a special feature or behavior that helps a living thing survive.